AYUSHDHARA is an international peer reviewed Bi-monthly open access journal publishing print and online versions. AYUSHDHARA focused towards the publication of current research work carried out under Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy, Allopathy systems of medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences. AYUSHDHARA title approved for print version by Office of the Registrar of Newspapers for India, Ministry of Information And Broadcasting, New Delhi (RNI Registration No: TELENG/2014/60297). AYUSHDHARA an emerging academic journal in the field of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy which deals with all facets of the field of research work conducting various institutes and researches. This journal motive and aim is to create awareness, re-shaping the knowledge already created and challenge the existing theories related to the field of Academic Research in any discipline in AYUSH Systems strive to set the highest standards for superiority in everything we do in content, style and aesthetics of presentation, in editorial performance at every level, in transparency and accessibility to the scientific community and public, and in educational value. The journal aims to publish novel research being conducted and carried out of academic and industry authors, researchers, and readers in a medium customized for the discovery, integration, and application of research. We are inviting professors, researchers, professionals, academicians and research scholars to submit their novel and conjectural ideas in the domain of AYSUH Systems in the shape of (1). Original Research Articles (2). Review articles (3). Book Reviews (4). Short Communications/ Research Letter (5). Case Report (6). Letter to the Editor/Correspondence. Ayurved Samhita & Siddhanta (Ayurvedic Compendia & Basic Principles), Rachana Sharir (Anatomy), Kriya sharir (Physiology), Dravyaguna Vigyan (Materia Medica & Pharmacology), Rasashastra (Ayurvedic Metals & Minerals/Iatrochemistry) Bhaishajya Kalpana (Pharmaceuticals Science), Agadtantra & Vidhi Vaidyaka (Toxicology & Forensic Medicine), Svasthavritta (Preventive, Social Medicine & Yoga), Roganidana & Vikriti Vigyan (Pathology & Diagnostic Procedure), Kayachikitsa (General Medicine), Manovigyan & Manasroga (Psychiatry), Rasayan & Vajikaran (Rejuvenation & Aphrodisia), Panchakarma (Five Bio-cleansing Procedures), Prasuti & Stri Roga (Gynecology & Obstetrics), Kaumarbhritya-Balaroga (Pediatrics), Shalyatantra (General Surgery), Shalakyatantra (Otorhinolaryngology/ENT & Ophthalmology). Research articles on above the subjects using current scientific knowledge viz., Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Drug Standardization, Quality control, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), Pharmacology, Preclinical research, Clinical research, Good Clinical Practices (GCP), Pharmacovigilance. Studies on Literary, Basic and Fundamental research, Preventive and Promotive Healthcare, Local Health Traditions, etc. which provide the leads to the original research are also acceptable. Pharmaceutical Sciences Further, studies on Herbal/Natural products in the area of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Drug delivery systems, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical analysis, Herbal/Ayurvedic Pharmacy practice, Bioinformatics and Pharmaceutical biosciences.
The Life and Contributions in Ayurveda of Pandit Nori Rama Sastry
Dr. Nori Rama Sastry's academic pursuits were equally distinguished and instrumental in shaping his approach to Ayurveda. He completed his medical degree with a focus on traditional healing practices, where he immersed himself in both Ayurvedic texts and modern medical knowledge. His quest for knowledge didn't stop at just formal education; he sought mentorship from prominent Ayurvedic scholars and participated in numerous workshops and seminars to deepen his understanding. As an academic, Dr. Sastry also contributed to research that combined contemporary scientific methods with traditional Ayurvedic principles. His studies aimed to validate Ayurvedic practices through clinical trials, exploring the efficacy of herbal remedies and dietary regimens in treating various ailments. His work encouraged a greater acceptance of Ayurveda within the medical community and aided in the integration of holistic practices into mainstream healthcare. Beyond research, Dr. Sastry was a passionate advocate for Ayurvedic education. He played an essential role in developing curriculum frameworks for Ayurvedic institutions, ensuring that future practitioners received a comprehensive education that honored the tradition while also addressing modern healthcare needs. He was known for organizing conferences and symposiums that brought together experts from diverse fields to promote interdisciplinary dialogues on health and wellness. In essence, Dr. Nori Rama Sastry's contribution to academia was pivotal in ensuring that Ayurveda was not only preserved as a historical practice but also evolved as a vital component of contemporary health sciences. His legacy in education continues to influence how Ayurveda is taught and practiced today, inspiring future generations to seek knowledge and contribute meaningfully to the field.
Ayurveda, Pandit Nori Rama Sastry, Treatment, Principles.
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Dwitiya Patalgata Timir and Presbyopia: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Shalakya Tantra, also known as Urdhvanga Chikitsa, is a specialised branch of Ayurveda that deals with diseases of the organs located above the clavicle, with prime emphasis on ocular health. Vision is considered the most vital among the sense faculties. In Ayurveda, visual disturbances are predominantly described under Drishtigata Rogas and are broadly encompassed within the Timira-Kacha-Linganasha spectrum. Timira is a significant disease entity within the Drishtimandala, presenting with a range of symptoms from mild blurring of vision to progressive impairment, depending on the involvement of specific Patalas and the dominance of vitiated Doshas. A detailed conceptual and clinical analysis of Patalagata Timira reveals that the symptomatology of Dwitiya Patala involvement-such as difficulty in seeing objects clearly, mainly near objects -closely resembles the features of refractive errors, particularly with Presbyopia. Additionally, Dwitiya Patalagata Timira exhibits clinical similarity with presbyopia, a physiological age-related decline in accommodation leading to progressive deterioration of near vision. With changing lifestyles and premature ageing trends, the early onset of such visual disorders is increasingly observed. Ayurveda offers a comprehensive approach for prevention and management through Pathya–Apathya regulation, Rasayana therapy, Chakshushya formulations, Kriyakalpa, Panchakarma, and other supportive measures aimed at preserving vision and improving ocular strength. Hence, exploring the Ayurvedic correlation and management of Dwitiya Patalagata Timira with special reference to presbyopia may provide a holistic and effective approach for clinical practice.
Shalakya Tantra, Urdhvanga Chikitsa, Drishtigata Roga, Timira, Prathama Patala, Dwitiya Patala, Presbyopia, Chakshushya, Rasayana, Kriyakalpa, Panchakarma
A Case Study on Effective Ayurvedic Management of Hypothyroidism
The thyroid gland is a key component of the endocrine system, regulating metabolic processes, growth, and development through thyroid hormone secretion. The prevalence of endocrine disorders has increased markedly in recent decades, with hypothyroidism emerging as a major public health concern. It affects approximately 2–5% of the global population, while urban India reports a significantly higher prevalence of 10.95%, with a greater burden among females. Psychosocial stress and anxiety further contribute to thyroid dysfunction due to the gland’s sensitivity to neuroendocrine stimuli. Additionally, subclinical hypothyroidism, defined by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with normal thyroxine (T4) levels, often remains underdiagnosed despite its adverse impact on quality of life. These observations underscore the need to investigate hypothyroidism from an Ayurvedic perspective and to develop evidence-based management strategies grounded in traditional medicine. This case report describes a 50-year-old female patient with hypothyroidism, presenting with a six-year history of abdominal heaviness, fatigue, sour belching, loss of appetite, anxiety, hair fall and throat irritation with marked worsening of symptoms over the preceding five months. The patient had been on allopathic treatment for hypothyroidism for six years. Following 3 months of Ayurvedic intervention, significant symptomatic improvement was observed, along with a reduction in serum TSH levels from 7.813 mIU/L to 4.2 mIU/L.
Hypothyroidism, Agnimandya, Snehapana, Shamana Chikitsa, TSH
Pharmaceutical Standardization and Analytical Evaluation of Madurantak Vati Prepared with Guduchi Satva
Standardization of Ayurvedic formulations is crucial for ensuring quality, safety, and therapeutic efficacy. Madhurantak vati consists of ingredients like Guduchi, Tulsi etc and is indicated in enteric fever. Considering the role of Madhurantak vati in infectious conditions, it was decided to carry out anti-microbial study of these formulations against microorganisms namely Salmonella typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi, E coli and Streptococcus pyogens. Incorporation of Guduchi Satva, derived from Tinospora cordifolia, is believed to enhance its immunomodulatory properties. Scientific pharmaceutical and analytical validation of this preparation is essential for quality assurance. Methods: Madhurantak Vati was prepared according to classical Ayurvedic references using authenticated raw materials and standardized Guduchi Satva. Pharmaceutical standardization included organoleptic evaluation (color, odor, taste, texture) and tablet parameters such as uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Analytical evaluation involved physicochemical parameters including loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water- and alcohol-soluble extractive values, and pH. Preliminary phytochemical screening and chromatographic profiling (TLC/HPTLC) were performed to establish characteristic fingerprints. Results: The formulation showed satisfactory organoleptic properties and complied with acceptable pharmacopeial limits for tablet evaluation parameters. Physicochemical values were within permissible ranges, indicating purity and stability. Discussion: The study establishes preliminary pharmaceutical and analytical standards for Madhurantak Vati prepared with Guduchi Satva. These findings provide a scientific basis for ensuring batch-to-batch consistency, safety, and therapeutic reliability of the formulation.
Madhurantak Vati, Guduchi Satva, Pharmaceutical Standardization, Analytical Evaluation, Quality Control, Tinospora cordifolia, Enteric Fever
Ayurvedic Perspectives on Transgender Identity and Gender Diversity: An Integrative Review
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a nuanced understanding of gender that transcends the modern binary framework. Classical Ayurvedic texts recognize the existence of a third gender, termed Napumsaka, and provide detailed descriptions of individuals who do not conform to conventional male or female categories. This review synthesizes Ayurvedic insights with contemporary biomedical science, exploring the origins, classifications, and implications of gender diversity. By examining embryological, historical, and pathological perspectives, the article highlights Ayurveda’s inclusive and scientific approach, which resonates with current understandings of gender diversity. The integration of traditional wisdom with modern research supports a holistic, compassionate, and evidence-based approach to transgender health and well-being.
Marma Research in Ayurved: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence, Methodological Limitations and Future Directions
Marma science represents a vital yet complex component of Ayurvedic anatomy and surgery, describing specific anatomical sites where structural and functional elements converge. Despite growing academic interest, Marma research remains methodologically underdeveloped. Objective: To systematically review published literature on Marma research, identify methodological trends and limitations and propose future research directions suitable for interdisciplinary and evidence-based inquiry. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Published articles on Marma were identified from peer-reviewed Ayurvedic and integrative medicine journals. Studies were categorized based on research design, conceptual focus and methodology. Results: Most studies were descriptive or conceptual in nature, with limited use of standardized protocols, objective outcome measures or advanced investigative tools. Clinical and experimental studies were scarce and methodologically weak. Conclusion: There is a critical need for new research methodologies in Marma science, including standardized anatomical mapping, controlled clinical trials and interdisciplinary approaches. Addressing these gaps will enhance scientific credibility and clinical applicability.
Marma, Rachana Sharir, Ayurvedic Anatomy, Scoping Review, Research Methodology
Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Sarjaadi Pada Pramarjana Yoga in Padadari (Foot Xerosis): A Double-Blind, Randomised, within-Individual, Comparative Clinical Study
Foot xerosis is a common yet underrecognized condition characterised by dryness, scaling and fissuring of the plantar skin. It is known as Padadari in Ayurveda. While often dismissed as a minor nuisance, persistent dryness, roughness, scaling and fissuring can cause discomfort, pain and functional limitation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Sarjaadi Pada Pramarjana Yoga (SPPY) in reducing the clinical severity of Padadari compared to a marketed ayurvedic product. Methodology: The study was a prospective, double-blind, within-individual, randomised comparative clinical trial. Thirty participants clinically diagnosed with Padadari were enrolled. In each participant, one foot was randomised to receive SPPY, while the contralateral foot received the comparator (marketed Ayurvedic Padadari balm). Both interventions were applied topically twice daily for 21 days. Clinical evaluations at baseline and weekly intervals were carried out with validated scoring systems. Results: Both SPPY and the marketed comparator demonstrated statistically significant clinical improvement across key outcome measures. However, SPPY showed a comparatively greater magnitude of improvement in reducing dryness and enhancing skin texture. Conclusion: Sarjaadi Pada Pramarjana Yoga is an effective and safe topical intervention for the management of Padadari (foot xerosis).
Ayurveda, Foot Xerosis, Padadari, Plantar Xerosis, Sarjaadi Pada Pramarjana Yoga, Topical
Exploration of Shalakya Tantra in Rajamartanda with Emphasis on Ekamoola Dravya Prayoga
Rajamartanda is one of the significant texts of Indian traditional medical literature is believed to be composed in the 11th century AD by King Bhoja. Also known as Yogasarasaṅgraha or Nanavidhayogasarasaṅgraha, this text presents a rich compilation of Ayurvedic knowledge across 34 chapters, beginning with Sirorogadhikara and ending with Pasurogadhikara. Notably, Rajamartanda diverges from the conventional approach of initiating with Jvara Chikitsa, instead it prioritizes diseases of the head and region above the clavicle- Urdhwajatru Gata Rogas- highlighting the author’s emphasis on conditions related to the head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat. This unique focus aligns closely with the domain of Shalakya Tantra. The text provides detailed descriptions and management of Urdhwajatru Gata Rogas, offering numerous single and simple herbal formulations for ailments of the head, eyes (Netra Rogas), ears (Karna Rogas), nose (Nasa Rogas), and throat (Mukha and Kantha Rogas). Over 226 monoherbal therapies are described, showcasing the therapeutic strength of simple remedies in treating these localized disorders. Unlike polyherbal formulations, single-drug therapy highlights the specific pharmacodynamic properties of an individual drug. The prominence given to Shirogata and Urdhwajatru rogas emphasizes significance of this text with Shalaki`s point of interest. The Rajamartanda thus holds a valuable place in Ayurvedic literature, particularly in the context of Shalakya Tantra and the treatment of diseases affecting the organs of the head and neck. An attempt has been made to highlight simple, easily available, and cost-effective drugs for the management of Shalakya diseases.
Shalakya, Single drugs, Rajamartanda, Bhoja, Netra-Karna-Nasa-Mukha-Shiro roga etc
Role of Agnikarma and Patra Pottali Pinda Swedana in Post Traumatic Elbow Stiffness
Post-traumatic elbow stiffness is a challenging and disabling condition that profoundly limits joint mobility, compromises functional capacity, and affects quality of life. It commonly arises following blunt trauma, fractures, surgical interventions, or prolonged immobilization, often leading to impairment of the entire upper limb. The elbow’s complex anatomy and its tendency towards periarticular fibrosis make it particularly susceptible, so even minor injuries can result in significant restriction of movement and difficulty in performing daily activities. Conventional management- including physiotherapy, splinting, manipulation, and surgical arthrolysis-may yield variable results and is sometimes associated with recurrence or complications. In Ayurveda, such conditions are classified as Abhighataja Vyadhi (traumatic disease), predominantly involving vitiation of Vata Dosha with concurrent Kapha Dosha, manifesting as Shoola (pain), Stambha (stiffness), Shotha (swelling), and Gati Vaigunya (restricted movement). The line of treatment is primarily aimed at Vata–Kaphahara Chikitsa, as the pathology is dominated by the vitiation of these Doshas. In the present case, therapeutic intervention (Agnikarma and Patra Pottali Pinda Swedana) led to remarkable clinical improvement, with restoration of near-normal range of motion (flexion from 30°to 135°, Extension from 30°to 0°), complete relief from pain and tenderness, normalization of local temperature, and a significant enhancement of functional ability.
Post-traumatic elbow stiffness, Abhighataja Vyadhi, Agnikarma, Patra Pottali Pinda Swedana
Conceptual Understanding of Smriti (Memory): A Literary Review from Ayurvedic Classics and Contemporary Neuroscience
Smriti (memory) in Ayurveda is described as the capacity to recall knowledge previously perceived, heard, or experienced, representing a higher dimension of cognitive function. Classical texts explain that Smriti does not function independently but arises from the coordinated interaction of Atma (self), Mana (mind), Indriya (sense organs), and Buddhi (intellect). It is considered a vital component of Pragya (wisdom), along with Dhee (comprehension) and Dhriti (retention). Impairment of Smriti leads to Prajnaparadha (intellectual error), which is regarded as a fundamental cause of disease. This review compiles references from major Ayurvedic treatises and commentaries to explore the philosophical and functional aspects of Smriti. It analyses the role of Tridosha-particularly Prana and Udana Vayu, Sadhaka Pitta, and Tarpaka Kapha-in memory regulation. Internal and external factors such as Abhyantara Karana, Bahya Karana, Abhyasa, Sattvanubandha, and Punahshrutata influencing memory formation and recall are discussed. Classical descriptions of Smriti Vibhramsha, Jara (age-related decline), and Prakriti-based variations are critically examined. Modern neurophysiological concepts, including synaptic plasticity, hippocampal function, and memory consolidation, are correlated with Ayurvedic principles, highlighting significant conceptual parallels and supporting a holistic understanding of cognitive health.
Smriti, Memory, Pragya, Dhee, Dhriti, Limbic system, Hippocampus, Memory consolidation, Synaptic plasticity
Ayurvedic Conceptualization of Addiction: A Correlative Study of Prajnaparadha, Triguna, and Neurobiological Reward Pathways
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences and is primarily mediated by dysregulation of the brain’s reward circuitry. The present review attempts to correlate the Ayurvedic concept of Prajnaparadha (error of intellect) and Triguna imbalance with the modern neurobiological understanding of addiction. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe Prajnaparadha as impairment of Dhi (intellect), Dhriti (self-control), and Smriti (memory), leading to faulty judgment and repetitive harmful behaviour. This conceptual framework closely parallels executive dysfunction, impaired impulse control, and maladaptive reward learning described in contemporary neuroscience. The mesolimbic dopamine pathway, particularly the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens circuit, plays a central role in reinforcing addictive behaviour through excessive dopamine release. Repeated substance exposure produces neuroadaptations such as tolerance, craving, reduced responsiveness to natural rewards, and weakening of prefrontal cortical control. These changes may be interpreted as disturbances of Dhi, Dhriti, and Smriti, resulting in sustained Prajnaparadha. Further, predominance of Rajas and Tamas gunas corresponds to heightened impulsivity, stress reactivity, emotional instability, and depressive states observed in addiction, whereas Sattva represents cognitive clarity and emotional regulation. Ayurveda emphasizes correction of behavioural errors through Sadvritta, disciplined lifestyle, and cultivation of mental balance.
Addiction, Prajnaparadha, Trigunas, Reward pathway, Mesolimbic dopamine system
In modernity, Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease facing humankind, it burdens 80% of adolescent in population. It is chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous follicles on the face and upper trunk, which develops into blackheads, papules, pustules and cysts and may leave scars upon resolution. Its symptoms resemble with Mukhdushika or Yuvanpidika which explained in Ayurvedic text. Mukhadushika is a type of Kshudra Roga described in Ayurvedic classics. It is owing to vitiation of Kapha, Vata, Rakta which looks like the Shalmali thorn like eruptions on the face of adolescent. It is a case of 22-year-old female patient came in OPD (Swasthyarakshan Unit) with chief complaints of acne with pus prominently on face and neck region, pain, itching, discharge and discoloration which is diagnosed as Yuvanpidika. In this case study, administration of Mukhdushika (acne vulgaris) has been elaborated with Shaman chikitsa, lifestyle management and also yogic practices. The outcome this management was encouraging without any side effects.
Acne vulgaris, Lifestyle Management, Shaman Chikitsa, Yogic practices
A Case Report on the Ayurvedic Management of Vatarakta w.s.r to Elderly Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Vatarakta, described in Ayurvedic classics as a disorder arising from the vitiation of Vata and Rakta, shares clinical similarities with Elderly Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis (EORA), particularly in its inflammatory and debilitating presentation. Conventional management often focuses on symptomatic control, whereas Ayurveda offers a holistic approach aimed at restoring systemic balance. Case Presentation: A geriatric patient presented with moderate swelling (Grade 2), severe burning sensation (Grade 3), and severe pain (Grade 4) along with markedly elevated inflammatory markers. An Ayurvedic treatment protocol was designed, incorporating Dasamoola Kashaya Dhara, Choorna Pinda Sweda (Rūksha and Snigdha), Snehapāna, Abhyanga and Panchakarma procedures like Virechana, Ardhmātrika Vasti, and Ksheera Vasti over a structured treatment period. Outcomes: Post-treatment evaluation showed complete resolution of swelling and burning sensation, with pain reducing from Grade 4 to Grade 1. Hemoglobin improved from 10.4gm% to 11.2gm%. Inflammatory markers showed remarkable reduction: ESR decreased from 95mm/hr to 50mm/hr, CRP from 192.8mg/dL to 35mg/dL, and Rheumatoid Factor from 640 IU/mL to 120 IU/mL. These clinical and biochemical improvements indicate significant alleviation of systemic inflammation and autoimmune activity. Conclusion: The integrative Ayurvedic protocol demonstrated substantial therapeutic benefit in managing Vatarakta/EORA, suggesting its potential as an effective complementary approach in geriatric inflammatory joint disorders.
Elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis [EORA], Vatarakta, Panchakarma
Ayurvedic Management of Secondary Amenorrhea due to Hemorrhagic Ovarian Cyst
Reproductive health in women refers to a state in which the reproductive process is carried out in a state of physical, mental, and social well-being from menarche to menopause. Poorly balanced diet and sedentary lifestyle affect the normal functioning of hormones leads to development of ovarian cyst. Hemorrhagic cyst is a type of functional cyst usually called as Corpus luteal cyst. It usually occurs due to overactivity of corpus luteum. There is excessive bleeding inside the corpus luteum. Despite blood filled cyst, the progesterone and estrogen secretion continues. As a result, the menstrual cycle may be normal or there may be amenorrhea or delayed cycle. Methodology: In this present case study, a 21 years old female patient consulted to the OPD with the complaint of Amenorrhea for 4 months. Ultrasonography (USG) findings suggested a right ovarian hemorrhagic cyst measuring 48x23x39mm (23.6cc). She was treated with traditional Ayurvedic formulations based on Granthi nashak chikitsa; along with Yoga basti with the goal of relieving symptoms and dissolving the ovarian cyst. This patient was treated with Dashmoola Katutrayadi Kwatha, Tab. Sukumar kashayam, Tab. Kanchnar Guggulu and Aarogyawardhini vati for two months along with two sittings of Yoga basti with Dashmoola Taila and Dashmoola Kwatha. Result: Ayurvedic treatment and Management was implemented throughout the duration of the therapy. Follow-up ultrasonography (USG) revealed a complete resolution of the cyst, and the symptoms significantly subsided. Conclusion: This case study accentuates the effectiveness of Ayurveda in achieving positive outcomes in the management of ovarian cysts.
Secondary Amenorrhea, Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst, Yoga Basti
Role of Swasthavritta in Maternal Health Care with special reference to Garbhini Paricharya
Pregnancy is a phase that brings about a lot of physical and biochemical changes in the female body, be it the skin, respiratory, cardiovascular or endocrine system which engenders the need of Antenatal care or Garbhini Paricharya for them. Ayurveda has precisely defined Garbhiniparicharya which is a detailed description of month-wise Ahar-Vihar and Vichara to be followed by the lady to maintain a healthy pregnancy and a safe normal delivery of the baby. Vichar is an equally important aspect as a lot of psychological and emotional crest and troughs occur in this period. Acharyas have also described Garbhopghatakar Bhav which are the diets and habits that are restricted during pregnancy. Post Delivery body becomes weak so it requires very good care and consciousness towards Ahara-vihar which is defined as Sutika paricharya.
Swasthavritta, Garbhiniparicharya, Sutika Paricharya, Rasayana, Achar Rasayana, Garbhopghatkar Bhav
Ayurvedic Management of Garbhasravi Vandhyatwa w.s.r. to Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is defined as two or more failed clinical pregnancies before 20 weeks. In Ayurveda, RPL corresponds to Garbhasravi due to Garbhasthapaka impairment. Case: A 31-year-old woman with four consecutive early pregnancy losses (7–8 weeks) presented with 1.5 months of amenorrhea and a desire to continue healthy pregnancy. Assessment: Previous losses showed absent cardiac activity; Ayurvedic evaluation suggested Vata-Pitta vitiation and Dhatu kshaya. Intervention: Shatavari granules, Amalaki Rasayan, and Amyron syrup were administered throughout pregnancy along with routine antenatal monitoring. Outcome: The patient carried the pregnancy to full term and delivered a healthy baby without complications. Conclusion: Ayurvedic Garbhasthapaka therapy may support favourable outcomes in RPL patients. Further research is recommended.
Garbhasravi Vandhya, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Ayurvedic Management of Alcohol Use Disorder
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic condition characterized by inability to control alcohol consumption despite adverse consequences. It can affect one’s physical health, mental health, relationships and finances. It is characterized by problematic and unhealthy patterns of alcohol consumption. AUD is one among the leading epidemiological health issues in India. Nationally about 13% of the population use alcohol. Twenty-one community-based studies conducted across various states in India, estimated the overall prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) to be 12.5%. Ayurveda conceptualizes problematic use of alcohol as Madatyaya. This condition causes disturbances in the Doshas and impairs the Dhatus, resulting in imbalances of the mind, digestion, and overall system. Effective Ayurvedic treatment focuses on rebalancing the Doshas while facilitating detoxification and enhancing tissue regeneration for complete restoration. A 38-year-old male presented with complaints of increased use of alcohol for 6 years and anxious thoughts, tremors, insomnia, and alcohol cravings from 4 days. This affected the occupational life and cause interpersonal relationship issues in family. He was treated at the Government Ayurveda Research Institute for Mental Health and Hygiene using an Ayurvedic regimen based on Tridoshaja Madatyaya principles, with predominant Pitta-Vata aggravation. The protocol included Sirolepa, Snehapana, Virechana, Vasthi and Nasya to enhance physical and mental well-being. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed using CIWA-AR, CAGE, and AUDIT scales before and after the intervention. The CIWA-Ar score significantly reduced from 27 to 3 after 30 days, demonstrating a substantial improvement in withdrawal symptoms. The patient showed enhanced emotional stability, reduced anxiety, improved sleep, and a better overall quality of life. The case study illustrates the Ayurvedic approach towards Alcohol use disorder, emphasizing the comprehensive approach to addressing this condition.
Alcohol use disorder, Madathyaya, CIWA-Ar, Sodhana, Samana
Ayurvedic Management of West Syndrome w.s.r to Apasmar
West syndrome is a typical epileptic syndrome which mainly affect children. West syndrome is a constellation of symptoms characterized by epileptic/infantile spasms, abnormal brain wave patterns called hypsarrythmia and intellectual disability. A 5 year old Female child was brought to Panchakarma OPD of Chaudhury Brahma Prakash Ayurveda Hospital, New Delhi with a diagnosed case of West syndrome presenting with the cardinal features of epilepsy associated with inability to stand and sit properly, difficulty to speak and having frequent episode of attacks. As per Ayurvedic classics, this condition can be correlated to Apasmara along with deprived growth of the body (developmental delay and mental retardation). Patient was treated with the lines of Apasmara treatment as per Ayurveda with an intention of aiding faster recovery of the patient to lead a normal life. The choice of treatment here is Shirobasti, Pada Abhyanga, Shiropichu and Matrabasti. Along with these Panchakarma therapies, patient was administered Shamana oushadhis and was successfully treated.
Shirobasti, West Syndrome, Apasmar, Shamana oushadhis, Panchakarma.
The Epistemology of Anumana Pramana in Ayurveda: A Critical Review of Classical Terminology and the Translational Conceptual Framework for Integrative Medicine
Anumana Pramana (inferential knowledge) is vital for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and research, connecting gaps in the perception of biological phenomena. Objective: To ensure demonstrable outcomes, the review proposes concrete indicators such as terminology concordance rates (the percentage of standardized terms shared with WHO and national guidelines), clinical agreement scores (inter-rater reliability of Anumana-based diagnostic conclusions among practitioners), and the degree of alignment between Ayurvedic inferential models and cognitive neuroscience constructs These metrics may help readers and future researchers evaluate the success of integrative efforts. Methods: A narrative synthesis was carried out using PRISMA-guided strategies across Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search included classical Sanskrit compendiums (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and recent academic evaluations of Ayurveda epistemology. Results: The study finds that Anumana is a rigorous five-membered syllogistic process (Panchavayava Vakya) governed by Vyapti (invariable concomitance), rather than a subjective guess. Classical types (Purvavat, Sheshavat, Samanyatodrishta) correspond to modern prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional study designs. Conclusion: Standardizing Anumana terminology supports translational research and integrative diagnostics. For clinicians, this enables the consistent use of diagnostic criteria and protocols, leading to clearer communication and improved clinical outcomes. For policy makers, standardized terms help establish traceable clinical guidelines and support the inclusion of Ayurveda into national and international health systems.
Ayurveda, Epistemology, Anumana Pramana, Clinical Reasoning, Bayesian Inference, Cognitive Neuroscience, Medical Terminology, Integrative Medicine, Nyaya Darshana
An Ayurvedic Management of Psoriatic Arthritis with Dactylitis
Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune, inflammatory arthritis. It affect 30% of people who have psoriasis. Psoriatic arthritis mostly affects age group of 30 to 50yrs. This disease development may relate to genetic, but environmental, psychological and dietary habits flare up its progression. In the present case study, a 36yrs old male came to OPD of Rajiv Gandhi Post Graduate Ayurvedic Hospital Paprola with complaint of itchy rashes on whole body, Pain and swelling in big joints, Pain and burning sensation in bilateral finger and toes since last 9 yrs. Aims and Objectives: To study the efficacy of Shodhan Shaman and Sthanik Chikitsa in psoriatic arthritis. Methodology: Aam Pachana, Snehpana, Vamana,Virechana followed by Jaloka Avcharan. Result: After this treatment patient had moderate relief in his symptoms. Conclusion: Shanshodhan Chikitsa has a holistic approach and paid prime concern while treating Anshans Anubandh of Dosha in developing a disease.
Psoriatic arthritis, Shodhan, Shaman, Jaloka Avcharan, Ayush, Indian System of Medicine
An Open Label Single Arm Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tumburu (Zanthoxylum Armatum Dc.) in Tobacco Chewing Addiction
India is the second largest tobacco producing nation and the second largest consumer of tobacco worldwide. The World Health Organization classifies tobacco addiction as a chronic condition driven by nicotine dependence, which creates a complex cycle of physical and psychological dependence. Aim and Objectives– To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Tumburu (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) in tobacco chewing addiction. The objectives were to develop an ayurvedic remedy for reduction in the harmful effects of nicotine and to introduce an alternative replacement drug therapy. Methods– Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, total 40 tobacco addicted individuals were selected irrespective of their gender, caste or creed. It was an Open Label Single Arm Clinical Trial which was conducted for 2 months. Fruit pericarp of Tumburu was given 4-5 times a day when there was an urge to chew tobacco. It was kept in the oral cavity. The data was recorded and evaluated through the subjective and objective parameters. Statistical analysis– Wilcoxon signed ranked test was applied for subjective parameters and Paired t-test was applied for objective parameters. Result– The overall response to the treatment with Tumburu in addicted individuals were statistically significant. 20% had marked improvement, 14.29% had moderate improvement, 37.14% had mild improvement and 28.57% had no improvement. Conclusion– This study provides the clinical validation for the effectiveness of Zanthoxylum armatum in tobacco chewing addiction and contributed and provided support to quit tobacco’s use for better health outcomes.
Tobacco, chewing addiction, Tumburu, Zanthoxylum armatum
Dynamics of Hetu-Sadhya-Sambandha: Reconstructing Vyapti as a Clinical Diagnostic Predicate in Ayurveda
The clinical diagnostic framework of Ayurveda integrates sensorial observation with structured logical inference, drawing primarily from the epistemological traditions of Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika Darśana. Fundamental to this framework is the relationship between the etiological sign (Hetu) and the inferred clinical condition (Sadhya), established through the principle of Vyapti (invariable concomitance). In contrast to modern biomedical diagnostics, which increasingly emphasize structural and molecular identification via technological means, Ayurvedic diagnostics-organized through the Nidāna Panchaka and Atura Parikṣa—focus on the functional assessment of Doṣa, Dhātu, and Mala using rigorous logical deduction (Anumana). This report reconstructs Vyapti as a clinical diagnostic predicate and evaluates its function in facilitating the transition from observable symptoms (Liṅga) to unobservable pathological states. A comprehensive review of the Charaka Saṃhitā Vimāna Sthana, alongside developments in First-Order Logic (FOL) and Bayesian Networks, reveals a pragmatic divergence: Ayurveda prioritizes observable "cause-effect sets" rather than the absolute universals of formal logic. The report also examines the functions of Tarka (confutation) and Hetvabhasa (logical fallacies) in reducing diagnostic errors, contending that formalizing these ancient predicates is essential for minimizing "unwarranted clinical variation" and supporting the integration of Ayurveda into digital health expert systems. This synthesis underscores Vyapti's capability to bridge traditional knowledge and probabilistic-based machine learning, advancing a "Systems Ayurveda" approach to individualized medicine.
Ayurveda, Vyapti, Anumana, Hetu–Sadhya–Sambandha, Clinical Logic, Charaka Samhita, Nyaya Darsana, Integrative Medicine
Peripheral Vascular Resistance in Hypertension: An Ayurvedic Interpretation through Sthaulya
Ayurveda, with its holistic understanding of physiology and pathology, offers valuable insights into the etiopathogenesis of hypertension through the concepts of Dosha, Dhatu, and Srotas. Ayurveda recognises Sthaulaya (obesity) as a Santarpanjanya vyadhi that lead to systemic Srotorodha (obstruction in body channels) contributing to circulatory disturbances. Objective: The present review aims to explore the role of obesity (Sthaulya) in the pathogenesis of increased peripheral vascular resistance in hypertension from an Ayurvedic perspective and to correlate these classical concepts with contemporary biomedical understanding. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts, including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, was undertaken. Relevant contemporary medical literature, published research articles, and recent scientific updates from standard biomedical databases were also analyzed to elucidate the etiological factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension. Results: Obesity (Sthaulya), characterized by Medo Dhatu Vriddhi and Medo-Dhatvagni Dushti (disturbed fat metabolism), causes structural and functional alterations in blood vessels, leading to increased peripheral vascular resistance. Also, it plays a key role in vascular remodelling of the Sira (vessel), responsible for body circulatory mechanism. Conclusion: Hypertension can be comprehensively understood as a multifactorial disorder involving the interplay of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha through disturbances in Dosha, Dhatu, and Srotas. Obesity act as key modifiable etiological factors. Integrating Ayurvedic principles with modern scientific knowledge may provide a broader conceptual framework for understanding hypertension and may support the development of holistic preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Hypertension, Peripheral resistance, Sthaulya, Ayurveda
Menstrual Irregularity Through the Lens of Ayurveda: A Review of Artava Kshaya
Artava Kṣhaya is a common menstrual disorder in Ayurveda, characterized by delayed, irregular, or scanty menstruation, often with pain. It correlates with oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea in modern medicine. Lifestyle changes, stress, poor diet, and obesity have increased its prevalence. This review aims to present the Ayurvedic concept and management of Artava Kṣhaya with modern correlation. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts and their commentaries were reviewed along with relevant modern medical literature. Available clinical studies and trials evaluating Ayurvedic therapies in Artava Kṣhaya were analyzed. Results: Artava Kṣhaya arises from Tridoṣha imbalance, mainly increased Vata and Kapha with reduced Pitta, along with Agnimandya and obstruction of Artavavaha Srotas. Symptoms include delayed or irregular cycles, scanty flow, and menstrual pain. Ayurvedic treatments such as Shatapushpa–Shatavari Churna and Venuparvadi Kwatha improved menstrual regularity and flow. Discussion: Artava Kshaya in Ayurveda denotes oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea, with delayed (<3 days), scanty flow, and vaginal pain. It stems from Vata-Kapha dosha imbalance (especially Apan Vayu), impairing Artava vaha srotas and Ras and Rakta dhatu due to poor diet and lifestyle and excess Kaphaj foods, which weaken Agni and generate Ama. Management includes Shodhana (Vamana, Virechana, Basti), Dosha-specific Shamana drugs, yoga and lifestyle changes to bolster Agni and clear Ama, especially useful for adolescents. Modern views link it hormonal imbalances on the HPO axis from nutrition deficits and stress. Conclusion: Early, individualized Ayurvedic management using medicines, Panchakarma, lifestyle correction, and Rajaswala Paricharya offers a safe, holistic, and non-hormonal approach to restore menstrual health and prevent complications.
Artava Kṣhaya, Scanty menstruation, Oligomenorrhea, Hypomenorrhea, Artavavaha Srotas
Clinical Outcome of Ayurvedic Treatment in Adenomyosis: Perspective of Vataja Asrigdara
Adenomyosis is a benign but debilitating gynaecological condition characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium, often presenting with dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding, and infertility. Ayurveda describes a comparable condition under Vataja Asrigdara, attributed to Dushti of Vata, Pitta, and Rakta. Integrative Ayurvedic management has shown promise in reducing symptoms and improving uterine health. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old married woman presented with severe dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding, and pelvic heaviness for 18 months. Transvaginal ultrasound reported a bulky uterus with asymmetric thickening of the posterior myometrium suggestive of adenomyosis. Intervention: She underwent an integrative Ayurvedic protocol comprising Deepana-Pachana, Vatanulomana, Raktashodhaka drugs, Nasya, and Basti Krama. Diet and lifestyle guidelines following Vata-Pitta Shamaka principles were advised. Results: Within 90 days, the patient showed marked reduction in pain score on the VAS scale, decrease in menstrual blood loss (PBAC score), improved haemoglobin, and reduction in uterine volume on ultrasound. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that an integrative Ayurvedic approach can significantly improve clinical symptoms and uterine morphology in adenomyosis, offering a non-invasive therapeutic option. Larger controlled studies are required.
Vata-Pitta Dushti, Pelvic congestion, Non-Surgical Therapy, Raktaprasadana
Comprehensive Conceptual Synthesis of Hypothyroidism: Bridging Modern Endocrinological Pathophysiology with the Ayurveda Paradigm of Agnimandya and Srotodushti
Ayurveda provides a functional, systems-biology approach, interpreting such disturbances through the lenses of Agni (metabolic fire), Dosha (bio-energetic forces), Dhatu (tissues), and Srotas (channels). Aim: This conceptual review aims to establish a theoretical framework by correlating the molecular mechanisms of hypothyroidism with the constructs of Agnimandya and Srotodushti, the persistent symptoms experienced by hypothyroid patients despite biochemical hormone normalization. Materials and Methods: The study utilized a rigorous conceptual methodology to analyze the Brihattrayi and their authoritative commentaries by Chakrapani and Dalhana. Simultaneously, contemporary medical databases including Scopus, PubMed, and the AYUSH Research Portal were searched. Data were synthesized using a comparative analytical viewpoint, identifying functional parallels between hormonal activity and Dhatvagni. Observations and Discussion: The condition can be categorized as an Anukta Vyadhi (unmentioned disease) with a predominance of vitiated Kapha and Vata. The systemic sluggishness, weight gain, and cognitive decline mirror the obstruction (Sanga) of the Rasavaha and Medovaha Srotas. The clinical failure of mono-therapy in some patients correlates with the Ayurvedic concept of Avarana (obstruction), where hormone replacement fails to clear pre-existing channel blockages. Some Ayurvedic scholars interpret hypothyroidism primarily as a Medo Dhatu disorder or propose differing roles for Pitta Dosha, illustrating ongoing debate inside the classical tradition. Conclusion: The integration of Ayurvedic principles within the endocrinological paradigm affords a comprehensive method to improving metabolic resilience. Restoring Agnibala (metabolic strength) through Deepana-Pacana and Shodhana therapies serves as a rational adjunct to hormone replacement.
Hypothyroidism, Agni, Agnimandya, Kapha Dosha, Anukta Vyadhi, Srotodushti, Endocrinology, Metabolic Disorders
Medodushti as a Pathophysiological Basis of Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome is a multifactorial disorder characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its global rise is attributed to sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and stress. In Ayurveda, this condition parallels Medodushti, a pathological state involving derangement of fat metabolism due to vitiation of Kapha dosha and accumulation of Meda dhatu. Aims and Objective: To critically analyze Ayurveda literature and modern medical literature with reference to Metabolic Syndrome and to devise a rational Ayurvedic approach for diagnosis and management of Metabolic Syndrome. Material and Methods: The classic Ayurvedic literature, Contemporary literature, magazines, research journals, as well as medical databases were all compiled for this review. Discussion: Ayurveda attributes Medodushti to improper diet, lack of physical activity, and Kapha aggravation leading to metabolic imbalance. Modern parallels include insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. Ayurvedic management emphasizes Ahara, Vihara, Aushadha, and Panchakarma for detoxification, supported by Vyayama, Yoga, and Pranayama. Conclusion: Understanding metabolic syndrome through the lens of Medodushti offers a holistic framework that integrates modern science with Ayurvedic principles, enabling preventive and therapeutic strategies for restoring metabolic health and overall well-being.
Ayurveda, Kapha dosha, Medodushti, Metabolic Syndrome, Panchakarma
Ayurvedic Management of Janu Sandhigata Vata
Sandhigata Vata, as described in Ayurveda, closely correlates with osteoarthritis in contemporary medicine. It commonly manifests during the fourth and fifth decades of life, though it may occur earlier or later. The knee joint (Janu Sandhi) is most frequently involved, with a higher prevalence observed in females. Contributory factors include obesity and excessive or repetitive joint usage. While modern medical management offers rapid symptomatic relief, it is often associated with systemic adverse effects. Ayurvedic management aims to alleviate symptoms with minimal or no side effects. A 58-year-old female patient presented with complaints of bilateral knee joint pain, swelling, crepitus, restricted range of motion and difficulty in walking. The patient approached CBPACS seeking Ayurvedic treatment for these symptoms. The patient was managed with Janubasti. On regular follow-ups, the patient reported significant improvement in pain, reduction in swelling, decreased crepitus, and improved range of motion in both knee joints. The present case demonstrates the effectiveness of Ayurvedic management in Janu Sandhigata Vata. This case report contributes further evidence supporting Ayurveda as a safe and beneficial therapeutic approach in the management of osteoarthritis.
Janu Sandhigata Vata, Taila, Knee Osteoarthritis, Vatavyadhi
Management of Hypothyroidism through Nasya Karma and Shamana Aushadhi
Hypothyroidism is a functional disorder of the thyroid gland caused by inadequate synthesis or impaired action of thyroid hormones, resulting in a generalized reduction of metabolic activity. Clinically, it manifests as fatigue, lethargy, weight gain, constipation, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and menstrual disturbances. Epidemiological studies indicate a higher prevalence among women, particularly during the reproductive age group. Psychological stress and anxiety further contribute to thyroid dysfunction due to the thyroid gland’s sensitivity to neuroendocrine regulation. Subclinical hypothyroidism, characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with normal thyroxine (T4) levels, often remains underdiagnosed despite its adverse impact on quality of life. These factors highlight the importance of evaluating hypothyroidism from an Ayurvedic perspective and developing evidence-based management strategies rooted in traditional medicine. This case report presents a 45-year-old female patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism, who reported symptoms including swelling over whole body, breathlessness, fatigue, generalized weakness, muscle cramps, hair fall, impaired concentration, anxiety, disturbed sleep, and joint pain. The symptoms had been present for approximately five months. The patient was not on any allopathic medication at the time of presentation, as the diagnosis was recent. After five months of Ayurvedic intervention, marked symptomatic improvement was observed, along with a significant reduction in serum TSH levels from 11.813mIU/L to 4.2mIU/L.
Hypothyroidism, Vata-Kapha Dusti, Nasya Karma, Ashwagandha Ghrit, Shaman Chikitsa
Role of Ayurveda in the Management of Pittashaya Ashmari (Cholelithiasis)- A Clinical Case Study
Pittashaya Ashmari, clinically correlated with cholelithiasis, is a common hepatobiliary disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 10–15% and an estimated prevalence of 6–9% in India. In Ayurveda, this condition is attributed to vitiation of Pitta Pradhana Tridosha affecting the biliary system, resulting in symptoms such as abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal distension, and intolerance to fatty foods. This case report describes a 24-year-old female who presented with severe abdominal pain, distension, anorexia, and nausea. Ultrasonography confirmed a distended gallbladder with a hyperechoic focus measuring 5mm suggestive of gallbladder calculus, along with mildly increased echotexture of both kidneys. The patient was managed conservatively with Ayurvedic formulations including Chandraprabha Vati, Punarnava Churna, Goksura Churna, Sariva Churna, Dhaniya Churna, and Neeri KFT Syrup, Tab Pithorin, Hajrul Yahood Bhasma for a duration of four months. During the treatment period, the patient experienced gradual and complete relief from abdominal pain and associated symptoms, indicating a favourable clinical response. Follow-up Ultrasonography showed a reduction in stone size to 3.7mm and subsequent imaging confirmed complete resolution of the gallbladder calculus without any adverse effects. This case highlights the Potential role of Ayurvedic therapy as a safe, non-invasive, and cost-effective option in the conservative management of early and uncomplicated Pittashaya Ashmari alternative to surgical management.
Pittashaya Ashmari, Cholelithiasis, Chandraprabha Vati, Punarnava Churna, Goksura Churna, Sariva Churna, Dhaniya Churna, Neeri KFT Syrup, Tab Pithorin, Hajrul Yahood Bhas