AYUSHDHARA is an international peer reviewed Bi-monthly open access journal publishing print and online versions. AYUSHDHARA focused towards the publication of current research work carried out under Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy, Allopathy systems of medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences. AYUSHDHARA title approved for print version by Office of the Registrar of Newspapers for India, Ministry of Information And Broadcasting, New Delhi (RNI Registration No: TELENG/2014/60297). AYUSHDHARA an emerging academic journal in the field of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy which deals with all facets of the field of research work conducting various institutes and researches. This journal motive and aim is to create awareness, re-shaping the knowledge already created and challenge the existing theories related to the field of Academic Research in any discipline in AYUSH Systems strive to set the highest standards for superiority in everything we do in content, style and aesthetics of presentation, in editorial performance at every level, in transparency and accessibility to the scientific community and public, and in educational value. The journal aims to publish novel research being conducted and carried out of academic and industry authors, researchers, and readers in a medium customized for the discovery, integration, and application of research. We are inviting professors, researchers, professionals, academicians and research scholars to submit their novel and conjectural ideas in the domain of AYSUH Systems in the shape of (1). Original Research Articles (2). Review articles (3). Book Reviews (4). Short Communications/ Research Letter (5). Case Report (6). Letter to the Editor/Correspondence. Ayurved Samhita & Siddhanta (Ayurvedic Compendia & Basic Principles), Rachana Sharir (Anatomy), Kriya sharir (Physiology), Dravyaguna Vigyan (Materia Medica & Pharmacology), Rasashastra (Ayurvedic Metals & Minerals/Iatrochemistry) Bhaishajya Kalpana (Pharmaceuticals Science), Agadtantra & Vidhi Vaidyaka (Toxicology & Forensic Medicine), Svasthavritta (Preventive, Social Medicine & Yoga), Roganidana & Vikriti Vigyan (Pathology & Diagnostic Procedure), Kayachikitsa (General Medicine), Manovigyan & Manasroga (Psychiatry), Rasayan & Vajikaran (Rejuvenation & Aphrodisia), Panchakarma (Five Bio-cleansing Procedures), Prasuti & Stri Roga (Gynecology & Obstetrics), Kaumarbhritya-Balaroga (Pediatrics), Shalyatantra (General Surgery), Shalakyatantra (Otorhinolaryngology/ENT & Ophthalmology). Research articles on above the subjects using current scientific knowledge viz., Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Drug Standardization, Quality control, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), Pharmacology, Preclinical research, Clinical research, Good Clinical Practices (GCP), Pharmacovigilance. Studies on Literary, Basic and Fundamental research, Preventive and Promotive Healthcare, Local Health Traditions, etc. which provide the leads to the original research are also acceptable. Pharmaceutical Sciences Further, studies on Herbal/Natural products in the area of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Drug delivery systems, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical analysis, Herbal/Ayurvedic Pharmacy practice, Bioinformatics and Pharmaceutical biosciences.
Role of Guda Marma in Ano-Rectal Surgeries
Marma are vital anatomical points described in Ayurveda, where injury may lead to serious complications or death. Guda Marma is described in Ayurveda as one of the most vital anatomical sites, classified under Sadyapranahara Marma. Surgical interventions in the anorectal region inevitably involve structures constituting Guda Marma. Classical Ayurvedic texts repeatedly emphasize that injury to this Marma results in severe complications such as excessive hemorrhage, loss of sphincter control, sepsis, and even death. Anorectal surgical procedures like Arsha (hemorrhoids), Bhagandara (fistula-in-ano), Parikartika (fissure-in-ano), and Gudabhramsha (rectal prolapse) demand precise anatomical knowledge and Marma preservation. This review critically analyzes the role of Guda Marma in anorectal surgeries by correlating Ayurvedic Marma concepts with modern surgical anatomy. Classical Ayurvedic texts strongly emphasize protection of Guda Marma during surgical interventions.
Guda Marma, Anorectal surgery, Arsha, Bhagandara, Sadyapranahara Marma, Marma injury
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Ayurvedic Management of Early Pregnancy Failure
Early pregnancy failure is a common clinical challenge, often managed with surgical or pharmacological interventions. However, these methods may not be preferred by all patients due to side effects, cost, or personal beliefs. This case series presents three patients with early pregnancy failure who were managed using Ayurvedic formulations with abortifacient properties. The cases involve both primigravida and multigravida women presenting with varied symptoms such as spotting, bleeding, and abdominal pain. Ayurvedic intervention led to spontaneous expulsion of the gestational sac in two cases, while one case required minor surgical assistance. This report highlights the potential utility of Ayurvedic abortifacients in a controlled clinical setting.
Ayurveda, Early pregnancy failure, Abortifacient, Gajar Beeja, Garbhasrava, Missed abortion.
Ayurvedic Management of Amenorrhea Associated with Hypoplastic Uterus
Amenorrhea associated with hypoplastic uterus presents a therapeutic challenge, as conventional hormonal therapies often show limited effectiveness. Ayurveda provides a holistic approach aimed at correcting Dosa imbalance, nourishing reproductive tissues, and restoring Artava Pravṛtti (menstrual function). Integrating Panchakarma procedures with targeted oral medications may enhance therapeutic outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a combined Ayurvedic protocol- including sequential Panchakarma therapy and oral formulations such as Ashwagandha Ksheerapaka, Shatapushpa Churna and Abhipattikar Churna- in the management of amenorrhea associated with hypoplastic uterus. Methods: A 20year-old nulligravid female with amenorrhea and ultrasonographically confirmed hypoplastic uterus underwent Vamana Karma, followed by Niruha Vasti with Dashamula Kwatha for three days, Uttaravasti with Phala Ghṛita for five days, and Matra Vasti with Balashvagandha Taila. Concurrently, she received oral medications throughout the treatment. The protocol was repeated for three consecutive cycles. Outcomes were assessed through menstrual pattern, uterine dimensions, endometrial thickness, and subjective wellbeing. Results: Progressive improvement was observed in uterine size, endometrial development, and menstrual regularity, with normal menstruation restored by the third cycle, without adverse effects. Conclusion: Sequential Panchakarma therapy combined with specific Ayurvedic oral medications shows promising effectiveness in restoring menstruation and enhancing uterine development in hypoplastic uterus.
Amenorrhea, Hypoplastic uterus, Ayurveda, Panchakarma, Uttaravasti
A Comparative Clinical Study of Saptachchhadakshara and Apamarga Kshara in the Management of Charmakeela w.s.r. to Warts
Charmakeela, described under Kshudraroga in Ayurvedic classics, closely resembles viral warts of modern dermatology. Acharya Sushruta advocated Kshara Karma as the treatment of choice for such growths due to its ability to excise, scrape, cauterize, and promote healing simultaneously. Objective: To compare the efficacy of Apamarga Kshara and Saptachchhada Kshara in the management of Charmakeela using standardized subjective and objective parameters. Materials and Methods: A randomized comparative clinical study was conducted on 20 patients divided into two groups of 10 each. Group A received Apamarga Pratisaraneeya Kshara, while Group B received Saptachchhada Pratisaraneeya Kshara. Assessment was carried out on Days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 using subjective parameters (pain, size perception, itching) and objective parameters (tenderness and lesion size). Results: Group A demonstrated faster eschar separation and greater percentage relief in pain, tenderness, and lesion size compared to Group B. Conclusion: Both Ksharas are effective and safe in Charmakeela management; however, Apamarga Kshara showed superior efficacy in rapid lesion resolution.
Charmakeela, Warts, Kshara Karma, Apamarga, Saptachchhada
A Comparative Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Prachanna Karma Followed by Chirabilva Lepa and Gunja Lepa in the Management of Indralupta w.s.r to Alopecia Areata
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine with origins dating back approximately 5,000 years. Ayurvedic practices include a wide range of treatments such as herbal remedies, dietary guidelines, yoga meditation, detoxification (Panchakarma), and lifestyle modifications. Rather than focusing only on treating disease, Ayurveda emphasizes maintaining health through proper nutrition, daily routines (Dinacharya) and seasonal practices (Ritucharya). Hairfall or alopecia (Indralupta), is a common dermatological issue that can cause significant emotional distress. It can stem from various factors, including genetics, diet, stress, and underlying medical conditions. Indralupta is equated with alopecia areata by modern means. Research works on Indralupta by using drugs like Gunja, Dattura etc. have been conducted, but no work has been conducted by using the drug regimen Chirabilwa lepa following Prachanna. Hence the topic of research is selected. In this comparative study, 60 patients were taken having Indralupta and divided into two groups. Group A treated with Prachanna followed by Chirabilwa lepa and Group B treated with Prachanna followed by Gunja lepa. At the end of the study it is seen that Prachanna followed by Chirabilwa Lepa has shown significant improvement than Prachanna followed by Gunja Lepa.
Indralupta, Prachanna, Chirabilwa Lepa, Gunja Lepa,Alopecia Areata
Effect of Ayurvedic Treatment Modalities in Shushkakshipaka (Dry Eye Disease)
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a chronic eye condition arises due to decreased tear production or excessive evaporation of tear, that results discomfort, vision disturbances, and potential damage of the eye surface. DES is a multifactorial disorder of the tear film and ocular surface. Although the term “Dry eye” is not explicitly described in classical Ayurvedic text, the symptom complex closely resembles with Shushkakshi paka is one among Sarvagata Netra Rogas. The clinical features of Shushkakshi paka correlate well with the manifestation of dry eye syndrome described in modern ophthalmology. The present work is a single case study of Shushkakshipaka (Dry Eye) in which Ayurvedic therapeutic interventions were employed. Materials and Methods: A 26-year-old female patient with full consciousness, presented in Shalakya Tantra OPD, NIA, Jaipur with complaints of burning sensation in eyes, itching, ocular dryness in both eyes since 2 months. she was diagnosed as a case of dry eye disease, no significant past medical history was reported. The patient underwent three sittings of Netra parisheka using Shatavari, Yasthi, milk, Saindhav, three sittings of Nasya with Anu Taila and three sittings of Tarpana using Jivantyadi Ghrita and Ashchyotan using Jivantyadi Ghrita at bed time. Results: At the end of the treatment period, the patient showed mark improvement in both subjective and objective parameters. Significant reduction was observed in burning sensation, itching, dryness of eyes, objective test such as Schirmer's l test, tear film break up time, demonstrated improvement in both eyes, indicating enhanced tear film stability.
Ayurvedic Management, Dry Eye, Shushkakshipaka, Nasya, parisheka, Tarpan
Therapeutic Effect of Modified Shrnga Vidhi in the Management of Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow (Snayugata Vata at Kūrpara Sandhi) is a painful condition associated with repetitive microtrauma of the extensor tendon of elbow. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Vraṇa in the Snāyu. Traditional para-surgical procedures like Raktamokṣaṇa (bloodletting) and Agnikarma (therapeutic cauterization) are mentioned as effective pain-relieving therapies. Though Agnikarma is an effective procedure, it is often painful and not patient friendly. Wet cupping which is a modified Śṛṅga vidhi found to have effect in Tennis elbow. Objective: To find out the clinical effectiveness of wet cupping (Śṛṅga vidhi, a form of Raktamokṣaṇa) in patients with tennis elbow. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted among 18 patients aged 21–60 years at VPSV Ayurveda College, Kottakkal. Participants were randomly selected from the population. The participants received wet cupping on 1st day, repeated on the 8th day. Assessments were done on day 1th, 8th, and 24th using VAS for pain, tenderness, Cozen’s test, Mill’s maneuver, swelling, and wrist movements. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and relevant non-parametric tests. Results: wet cupping found to have significant result in reduction in pain, tenderness, swelling, and improved functional mobility (p<0.001). Conclusion: Wet cupping is a patient-friendly and yields better pain relief and functional recovery.
Tennis elbow, Wet cupping, Raktamokṣaṇa, Śṛṅga vidhi
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Lajjalu Taila Pichu Versus Yashtimadhu Taila Pichu in the Management of Parikartika w.s.r. to Acute Fissure in Ano
Parikartika, described in Ayurveda as cutting pain and burning in the anal region, is listed as a complication of Vataja Jwara, Pittaja Atisara, Sahaja and Kaphaja Arsha, and Basti–Virechana Vyapat, with Acharya Kashyapa also noting its prevalence in pregnancy. Ayurveda provides localized, safe therapies such as Pichu Karma, where medicated oils with Vata-Pitta Shamana and Vrana-Ropana properties help reduce symptoms and promote healing. Hence, in the present Study Taila Pichu with Lajjalu Taila Pichu in Group A and Yashtimadhu Taila Pichu in Group B were used to evaluate their efficacy in the management of Parikartika W.S.R. to Acute Fissure in Ano. Aims and Objectives: 1. To study the concept of Parikartika in detail as described in Ayurvedic classics. 2. To Study the clinical features, pathology, and management of acute fissure-in-ano from the modern perspective. 3. To evaluate the efficacy of Lajjalu Taila Pichu in the management of Parikartika (acute fissure-in-ano). 4. To evaluate the efficacy of Yashtimadhu Taila Pichu in the management of Parikartika (acute fissure-in-ano). Methods: This is a Comparative Clinical Study with pre-test & post-test design where in 60 patients diagnosed with Parikartika of either sex were randomly assigned into two groups viz Group A & Group B. Intervention: Group A: Patients were treated with Pichu Karma using Lajjalu Taila once daily for 10 days. Group B: Patients were treated with Pichu Karma using Yashtimadhu Taila once daily for 10 days. Results: The effect of the treatment in both the groups were assessed by applying Wilcoxon’s rank sum test within the groups and Mann-Whitney U test between the groups, it showed that Group B showed better results than Group A. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that in the management of Parikartika, Pichu Karma using Lajjalu Taila and Pichu Karma using Yashtimadhu Taila, drugs and Procedures of both the groups are highly effective in treating Parikartika.
Parikartika, Tila Pichu, Lajjalu Tila, Yashtimadhu Taila, Fissure-in-Ano
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Topical Application of Panchavalkala Cream Versus Povidone Iodine Ointment in the Management of Postoperative Wound of Parikartika (Chronic Fissure-In-Ano)
Parikartika, a significant Guda-Gata Vikara in Ayurveda, is marked by severe Kartanavat and Chhedanavat Shoola in the Guda Pradesha. Hence, in the present study application of Panchavalkala cream in Group A and povidone iodine ointment in Group B were used to evaluate their efficacy in the management of Parikartika w.s.r. to chronic fissure in ano. Aims and Objectives: 1. To explore and understand the clinical features, etiology, and management approaches of Parikartika and fissure-in-ano. 2. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Panchavalkala cream in the treatment of post-operative wound in cases of Parikartika (chronic fissure-in-ano). 3. To assess the efficacy of povidone iodine ointment in the management of post-operative wound of Parikartika (chronic fissure-in-ano). 4. To compare the effectiveness of topical Panchavalkala cream versus povidone iodine ointment in healing post-operative wound in Parikartika. Methods: This study is a randomized comparative clinical trial. A total of 60 patients diagnosed with Parikartika and meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, regardless of their sex, religion, occupation, or economic status. These patients were then randomly allocated into two groups, each consisting of 30 participants. viz Group A & Group B. Intervention: Group A: Patients underwent fissurectomy followed by the topical application of Panchavalkala cream twice daily for 21 days. Group B: Patients underwent fissurectomy followed by the topical application of povidone iodine ointment twice daily for 21 days. Conclusion: The study concludes that in the management of Parikartika, fissurectomy followed by the application of either Panchavalkala cream and povidone iodine ointment is effective and plays a significant role in healing Parikartika Vyadhi.
Parikartika, Panchavalkala cream, Povidone Iodine Ointment, Fissurectomy, Chronic Fissure-in-Ano
Therapeutic Effect of Panchakarma in Bilateral Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a progressive degenerative disorder caused by compromised blood supply, leading to pain, joint dysfunction, and disability. In Ayurveda, AVN can be correlated with Asthi-Majjagata Vata. Surgical intervention is commonly advised, though many patients seek conservative alternatives. This case study evaluates the efficacy of Ayurvedic management in a 31-year-old male with bilateral femoral head AVN (Stage IV right hip, Stage II left hip). The treatment protocol included Churna Basti, Navara Dhara, followed by Manjistadi Ksheera Basti and Panchatikta Ksheera Basti. Clinical assessment was performed using the Merle d’Aubigné Hip Score before and after treatment. The patient showed significant improvement in pain, hip mobility, gait, and walking ability, with marked enhancement in functional scores. The findings suggest that Panchakarma-based Ayurvedic interventions with Vatahara, Brimhana, and Rasayana effects may offer an effective conservative approach in AVN management and help delay disease progression and surgical intervention.
Avascular necrosis, Asthi-majjagata Vata, Seka, Basti
Addressing Mental Health in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Holistic Journey Through Ayurveda Towards A Better Quality of Life
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disease affecting women in all age groups, especially during reproductive age. Though there are various physical symptoms PCOS has a significant impact on mental health affecting the Quality of life. Women with PCOS have a higher prevalence of anxiety (up to 60%) and depression (up to 50%) compared to the general population. Fundamentals of Ayurveda emphasises Shareera-Manas as one unit, when Dosha gets imbalanced it affects both. PCOS is one such disease affecting both Shareera & Manas. Factors contributing to this mental health burden include hormonal imbalances, weight gain, infertility issues, and psycho-social stressors associated with the condition. Interventions focusing on lifestyle changes, hormonal treatments, and psychological support were found to improve mental health outcomes in this population. Adopting Trividha Chikitsa mentioned in Ayurveda not only remove Shareerika Dosha’s but also strengthening the Manas by calming and balancing the mind in PCOS women. Mental health screening should be integrated into the management plans for women with PCOS. Addressing the psychological aspects of PCOS is crucial not only for improving quality of life but also for enhancing compliance with treatment regimens and this can be very well achieved through Ayurveda based on involvement of Dosha’s. For locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data Ayurveda classics, modern gynaecology books, authentic journals, magazines, digital library and websites were used. This article explores the interplay between PCOS and mental health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evidence-based management approaches through Ayurveda.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Shareera-Manas, Mental Health, Trividha Chikitsa, Quality of Life
Ayurvedic Approach in Management of Vata-Kaphaja Artavdushti (PCOS)
In this present case study, a 40-year-old woman patient consulted the Ayurvedic OPD of M.M.M. Govt. Ayurveda College & Hospital, Udaipur, with the complaint of irregular and scanty menses from 2 to 3 years, facial hair growth from 6 to 7 years, weight gain, hair fall and painful menses from last 6 months. She presented with her ultrasonography (USG) reports, and the findings suggested bilaterally bulky ovaries with 20–22 peripherally arranged small follicles, consistent with polycystic ovarian morphology. This case study highlights the clinical outcomes of an integrated Ayurvedic approach- comprising Basti Chikitsa and oral administration of Tilmooladi Churna for 3 months. The therapeutic protocol resulted in the restoration of regular menstrual cycles, improved hormonal profile, and reduction of cystic ovarian changes on ultrasonography, suggesting the efficacy of Ayurvedic intervention in managing PCOS.
Basti Chikitsa, Aṣṭartavaduṣṭi, Tilmooladi Churna, Lekhaniya Taila
Ayurvedic Intervention of Viddhakarma in Stammering (Slutter Speech)
Stammering (or stuttering) is a speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the flow of speech, such as repetitions, prolonged sounds, and pauses, often leading to difficulty in communication. While conventional speech therapies focus on improving fluency, they often fail to address the underlying emotional and psychological factors, such as anxiety, that contribute to stammering. Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine, offers a holistic approach to managing stammering by balancing the body’s doshas (energetic forces), particularly the Vata dosha, which governs speech and the nervous system. This case study examines the effectiveness of Viddhakarma therapy, an Ayurvedic intervention involving the insertion of needles into specific Viddhakarma Points, in treating stammering. The patient, a 15-year-old male (P), had been struggling with stammering since the age of 5. Despite undergoing speech therapy for several years, P continued to experience significant speech disruptions and social anxiety. Based on Ayurvedic diagnosis, P’s stammering was attributed to a Vata imbalance, which was treated with Viddhakarma therapy, along with dietary modifications, herbal remedies, and relaxation techniques such as Pranayama (breathing exercises). Viddhakarma therapy was administered twice a week for 8 weeks, with focus on Viddhakarma points that regulate speech and nervous system functions. After 8 weeks, significant improvements were observed: P’s stammering decreased by 70%, with reduced repetitions and hesitations. Anxiety levels dropped by 60%, and P reported a noticeable increase in self-esteem and social engagement. This case study suggests that Viddhakarma therapy is a promising Ayurvedic treatment for stammering, addressing both physical and psychological components of the disorder. Further research is needed to explore its long-term efficacy and potential for broader application in speech therapy.
Stammering, stuttering, Viddhakarma therapy, Ayurveda, Vata imbalance, Speech fluency, Anxiety reduction, Holistic treatment, Speech disorders, Psychological effects, Pranayama, Self-esteem, Alternative therapies
Ayurvedic Management of Dermatophytosis Through the Combined Effect of Lepa and Shodhana: Insights from a Case Study on Dadru Kustha
Methods: In everyday life, fungal infections are quite common. Many topical and systemic anti-fungal and anti-itch medications are currently used as standard treatments; however, they are associated with serious side effects and a high rate of treatment failure. In recent years, the occurrence of skin problems has greatly increased in developing countries such as India and tropical regions, due to factors like poor nutrition, living conditions, immunity, and hygiene. Because fungal infections tend to recur and can lead to more severe diseases if not treated, they pose a major challenge for doctors. In this case report, a 65-year-old male patient suffering from an extensive form of Tinea corporis for more than a year was effectively treated using Virerchana (therapeutic purgation), Lepa (paste) and Jalauka (leech therapy). Results: The patient's skin lesions and symptoms showed significant improvement after 44 days of consistent treatment. After one month of treatment, there were no signs of the lesions recurring. Ayurvedic medications offer an effective treatment for Tinea corporis. Follow-up after four months showed no recurrence of the skin lesions. Conclusion: The present case provides an effective approach to the chronic and recurrent cases of Tinea corporis.
Dadru kustha, Tinea corporis, Ayurveda, Shodhana, Virechana
The Resolution of a Traumatic, Pupil-Involving Oculomotor Nerve Palsy (CN III) Following Comprehensive Panchakarma and Netra Kriya Kalpa
Oculomotor nerve palsy with pupil involvement is considered a neurosurgical emergency due to the high suspicion of compressive pathology such as aneurysm or hematoma. We present the case of a 73-year-old female with pupil-involving partial CN III palsy following head trauma, presenting with persistent unilateral ptosis (5 mm), dilated non-reactive pupil, and absent Bell’s phenomenon, reflecting impaired ocular protective motor coordination. Notably, neuroimaging studies revealed no radiologically detectable compressive lesion. Despite this, the clinical risk remained significant due to the well-established diagnostic priority of the pupil sign over imaging in early trauma. The patient underwent a comprehensive Ayurvedic management protocol, including systemic purification (Takrapanam, Snehapanam, Virechana), localized neuro-rehabilitative therapies (Karna Pooranam, Nasyam, Shirodhara), and ophthalmic rejuvenation (Netra Tarpanam and Putapaka). Complete functional resolution of ptosis and restoration of pupillary reactivity was achieved with visual acuity improving from 3/60 to 6/36 in the right eye and from 6/36 to 6/12 in the left eye. This case highlights the potential of integrative Ayurvedic intervention as a rehabilitation strategy in post-traumatic cranial nerve injuries, particularly in subtle micro compressive presentation under undetected on imaging.
Traumatic, Pupil-Involving Oculomotor Nerve Palsy (CN III), Netra Kriya Kalpa, Cranial nerve injury, Ptosis, Panchakarma
Clinical Aspect of Asrigdara - An Ayurvedic Review
Ayurveda is the science of life based on the principles of Panchamahabhuta and Tridosha. A balanced condition of Dosha, Agni, Dhatu, and Mala is considered health, while an imbalance in these entities results in disease. Therefore, diseases are attributed to imbalances in Doshas. Asrigdara, a condition characterized by excessive bleeding, is also a result of Dosha imbalance. There are four types of Asrigdara based on the predominance of Dosha: Vataj, Pittaj, Kaphaj, and Sannipataj. Since the types of Asrigdara have different aetiologies, the treatment protocols and principles also differ for each type. The treatment principle for Vataj Asrigdara will not be effective for Pittaj or Kaphaj Asrigdara, and vice versa. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and the application of the correct treatment principle are essential for curing Asrigdara. It is termed as AUB in the allopathic system of medicine, for which haemostatic agents, analgesics, and hormonal therapy are advised. However, these treatments are only symptomatic and have limitations. Different types of formulations are mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics for the management of Asrigdara, and these may not be equally effective for all types of Asrigdara. Only after evaluating the Rasa-Guna-Karma of the drugs present in each formulation and we have to select accordingly to achieve the desired result. This study aims to explore the clinical aspects of Asrigdara scientifically.
Asrigdara, AUB, Chikitsa Siddhanta, Nidana-Samprapti
Ayurvedic Perspective on Genetic Inheritance
Genetics is the science of inheritance, the blossom of scientific revolution in human genetics has been started since ancient period. There are vivid accounts in Ayurvedic Samhitas about the hereditary patterns through concepts such as Prakruti, Shadgarbhakar Bhavas and the fundamental genetic units- Bija, Bijabhaga and Bijabhagavayava. Ayurveda also gave importance to individualized concepts of understanding and treating diseases. Genetic mutations can arise spontaneously or be triggered by environmental influences. Not all genetic disorders are inherited. According to WHO, congenital anomalies account for about 17%–43% of infant deaths. When parents carry genes that predispose them to certain diseases, their children and even future generations have a higher likelihood of developing those conditions.
Sthaulya, Obesity, Haritaki Churna, Yava amalaka Churna, Udvartana
Cervical Erosion and its Management with Yoni Varti: A Comprehensive Review
Cervical erosion, referred to as cervical ectropion in modern gynecology, is a common benign condition of the cervix predominantly observed in women of reproductive age. Although frequently physiological, it may become symptomatic, presenting with excessive vaginal discharge, contact bleeding, dyspareunia, and recurrent cervicitis, thereby affecting quality of life. Classical Ayurvedic literature does not describe cervical erosion as a distinct disease entity; however, its clinical manifestations closely resemble conditions categorized under Yonivyapad, particularly Garbhashaya Grivagata Vrana and Karnini Yonivyapad. According to Ayurveda, the pathology arises from Vata–Kapha vitiation, impaired Agni, accumulation of Ama, and localized tissue derangement. Management principles emphasize Dosha Shamana, Agni Deepana, Ama Pachana, and local measures aimed at Vrana Shodhana and Vrana Ropana. Various local therapeutic modalities such as Yoni Varti, Yoni Pichu, Yoni Lepana, and Yoni Prakshalana are advocated. Yoni Varti, a medicated vaginal suppository, facilitates wound cleansing, reduces inflammation, and promotes mucosal healing. Several formulations including Darvyadi, Nimbapatradi, Tiladi, and Dhatakyadi Yoni Varti have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in preliminary clinical and pharmaceutical studies. This review presents an integrative overview of cervical erosion, its Ayurvedic correlation, the therapeutic rationale of Yoni Varti, available evidence, safety considerations, and future research directions.
Cervical erosion, Cervical ectropion, Yoni Varti, Yonivyapad, Ayurvedic gynecology
Lashuna Rasayana in Stree Vandhyatva (Female Infertility): A Narrative Review
Stree vandhyatva (female infertility) is a complex clinical condition described in Ayurveda as resulting from derangement of Doshas, impairment of Agni, obstruction of Srotas, and qualitative or quantitative defects of Artava and Shukra. Rasayana therapy is advocated to rejuvenate reproductive tissues and enhance fertility potential. Lashuna (Allium sativum Linn.), widely used as both food and medicine, is described in classical Ayurvedic texts as a potent Rasayana, Vrushya, Balya, and Srotoshodhaka drug. Lashuna Rasayana has traditionally been employed in various gynaecological disorders, including infertility. Contemporary scientific studies demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, antimicrobial, and hormonal modulatory properties of garlic, which are relevant to the etiopathogenesis of female infertility, particularly in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), oxidative stress–related ovarian dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Experimental studies reveal protective effects on ovarian tissue and modulation of reproductive hormones, while limited clinical studies suggest improvement in metabolic and endocrine parameters associated with infertility. This narrative review explores the Ayurvedic rationale, pharmacological properties, experimental and clinical evidence, and safety considerations of Lashuna Rasayana in Stree vandhyatva. Although the available evidence is encouraging, further well-designed clinical trials with fertility-specific outcomes are necessary to establish its definitive therapeutic role.
Lashuna Rasayana, Stree Vandhyatva, Female infertility, Rasayana, Ayurveda, Allium sativum
A Review on Lehana Yogas and Drawing Comparison with Formula Feeding
Exclusive breastfeeding is the recommended source of nutrition for the first six months of an infant's life and should be regarded as such in analytical approaches used in the study of infant feeding. Early feeding is crucial for the development and maturation of the infant immune system. They control the growth of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the colonization of the gut, as well as the differentiation of T cells that are important for host defense and tolerance. For infants, the absence of breastfeeding or formula feeding correlates with a heightened incidence of infectious morbidity, alongside increased risks of childhood obesity and various outpatient department (OPD) conditions. Some of the conditions that are included are abdominal colic, irregular bowel movements, regurgitation of feed, nutritional deficiencies, and developmental delays. But a lot of babies are getting formula instead of breast milk these days, either because they have to or because they want to. Acharya Kashyapa and other Acharyas talk about different Lehana yogas in Ayurveda that have properties similar to those of breast milk. In this article, I discussed how ayurvedic Lehana yoga can be an alternative to formula feeding for children who rely on it partially or entirely for their nutritional requirements.
Lehana, Formula Feeding, Breastfeeding, Lehaadhyaya, Infant, Childhood Immunity
Differentiation of Amavata Types as per Madhava Nidana and Madhukosha with Correlation to Radiological Findings in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Amavata a disease described in Ayurveda since the period of Madhavakara, is classified under Vata-Kaphaja disorders and bears close resemblance to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in modern medicine. RA is a chronic, systemic inflammatory polyarthritis that primarily affects small diarthrodial joints of the hands and feet in a symmetrical pattern. Madhavakara described the Lakshana of Amavata based on Dosha dominance. Modern imaging tools play an important role in the diagnosis as well as in assessment of disease progression. The joints in the hands, wrists and feet have smaller bones and thinner cartilage than the larger joints; therefore, early radiographic changes are better visualized in these joints. Baseline radiographs and periodic follow-up imaging are recommended for assessment of joint disease progression. These findings can be mapped to the Lakshanas of different types of Amavata and correlated with radiological findings of RA for better diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Ishtasya Alaabha and Anishtasya Laabha in the Aetiopathogenesis of Manasaroga w.s.r. to Adverse Childhood Experiences
Psychological factors are posing a serious challenge to the human civilization in the recent years. The relevance of dealing with the mental wellbeing along with the physical entities is increasing in the contemporary science, which was already been addressed in the Ayurvedic literatures. Childhood and adolescence are critical stages of life for mental health. This is a time when rapid growth and development take place in the brain. Children and adolescents acquire cognitive and social-emotional skills that shape their future mental health and are important for assuming adult roles in society. The quality of the environment where children and adolescents grow up shapes their wellbeing and development. Early negative experiences in home, school, or digital spaces, such as exposure to violence, the mental illness of a parent or other caregiver, bullying and poverty, are called as Adverse Childhood Experiences which increase the risk of mental illness. Ishtasya Alaabha and Anishtasya Laabha are said to be the Samanya Manasaroga Nidana. Ishtasya Alaabha refers to not getting the desired things and Anishtasya Laabha refers to acquiring undesirable things. Here an attempt is made to find the role of Ishtasya Alaabha and Anishtasya Laabha in the aetiopathogenesis of Manasaroga. The present study suggests that there is statistically significant relationship between Ishtasya Alaabha and Anishtasya Laabha in the aetiopathogenesis of Manasaroga; hence childhood trauma needs more attention, particularly in psychiatric clinical practices and scientific research.
Manas, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Manasaroga, Mental health, Ishtasya Alaabha, Anishtasya Laabha
Kitibha Kushta and its Successful Ayurvedic Management Through Shamana Chikitsa
Kitibha kushta, classified under Kshudra Kushta in Ayurveda, presents with characteristic features like Kharasparsha (rough skin), Kandu (itching), and Shyava/Krishna Varna (discoloration). This case study highlights the successful management of Kitibha kushta through a purely Ayurvedic approach using Shamana Chikitsa without any Shodhana procedures. A 30-year-old female presented with chronic lesions over the palms with dryness, scaling, and itching. The treatment protocol included internal administration of herbal formulations like Naga Kesara Churna, Vidanga Churna, Manjishtha Churna, and Arogyavardhini Vati along with local application of Karanja Taila. Dietary and lifestyle modifications were also advised. Follow-up over ten weeks showed progressive improvement, with complete relief by the eighth visit. This case demonstrates the efficacy of classical Ayurvedic management in chronic skin disorders.
Kitibha kushta, Kushta Roga, Shamana Chikitsa, Karanja Taila, Ayurvedic Dermatology
Anovulation, defined as the failure of the ovary to release a mature ovum, accounts for nearly 40% of female infertility cases. Contributing factors include hormonal imbalance, stress, and systemic disorders. In Ayurveda, Vandhyatva (infertility) is described as a Vata-dominant disorder in which Apana Vata governs ovulation and menstrual regularity. Case Presentation: A 39-year-old female presented with secondary infertility for two years. Ayurvedic assessment revealed Vata predominance with associated Agnimandya and Srotorodha, suggestive of Apana Vata Vaigunya leading to Artava Kshaya. Intervention: Management aimed at Amapachana, Vatanulomana, and Srotoshodhana using Panchkol Churna and Dashmoola Kwatha internally, along with Eranda Taila for Srotoshodhana. Dietary and lifestyle modifications (Pathya–Apathya) emphasising Agni Deepana and Kapha–Vata Shamana were also advised. Outcome: After two treatment cycles, follicular monitoring confirmed ovulation, and the patient experienced regular menstrual cycles with no adverse effects. Conclusion: Individualised Ayurvedic therapy focusing on Srotoshodhana and Vatanulomana can effectively restores ovulatory function and enhances fertility, indicating a promising role for classical Ayurvedic interventions in anovulatory infertility.
Vandhyatva, Panchkol Churna, Dashmoola Kwatha, Pathya–Apathya
Clinical Experience with Vasanta Vamana Karma (Therapeutic Emesis in Spring Season): A 20-Case Series
Vamana Karma, a Panchakarma therapy, is recommended as a Shodhana therapy for Kapha disorders. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of Ritu (season) in Panchakarma procedures, with Vasant Ritu (spring) being ideal for Vamana. This case series presents clinical experiences from 20 Vamana procedures conducted during Vasant Ritu, highlighting outcomes, challenges, and practical insights. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of Vamana Karma performed in the Vasant Ritu season. Methods- A retrospective observational study was conducted on 20 patients who underwent Vamana Karma during Vasant Ritu. Selection was based on classical Yogya Lakshana and Kapha Prakopa conditions. Data regarding patient demographics, indications, pre-procedure preparations, procedural details, number of Vega, and Shuddhi Lakshana were collected. Subjective and objective parameters were assessed pre- and post-procedure. Follow-up was done for 14 days to monitor clinical progress and adverse events. Results: The majority of patients exhibited classical Kapha disorders such as PCOD, hypothrodism, Indralupta, Bahudosha Avastha, psoriasis and Sheetapitta. Vamana Karma was well-tolerated, with an average of 7 Vega achieved. Classical Shuddhi Lakshana such as Peeta, Tikta, and Madhura Vamana Vega were observed in 80% of cases. Significant improvements in symptoms, Agni Deepana, and overall well-being were observed. No major adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Vamana Karma performed during Vasant Ritu demonstrates promising clinical outcomes when administered following classical guidelines. This study reinforces the importance of seasonal Panchakarma and highlights the need for further large-scale studies for standardization.
Vamana Karma, Vasant Ritu, Shodhana, Kapha Vyadhi, Panchakarma, Ayurveda
Management of Tubal Blockage Through Ayurvedic Intervention
Blockage of fallopian tubes accounts for nearly one-third of female infertility cases, most commonly due to pelvic inflammatory disease, adhesions, or endometriosis. Conventional treatments often involve surgery or assisted reproductive techniques, which may not always be feasible. Aim: To evaluate the role of Ayurvedic therapies- specifically Apamarga Kshara Taila Uttarbasti and Garbhaprada Yoga- in restoring tubal patency. Methods: A 34-year-old woman with secondary infertility and confirmed bilateral tubal block underwent Ayurvedic management, including Intrauterine Uttarbasti, Rasayana therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Results: Post-treatment hysterosalpingography (HSG) demonstrated re-establishment of tubal patency, highlighting the effectiveness of the integrative approach. Conclusion: Ayurvedic interventions, when applied judiciously, may provide a minimally invasive and cost-effective option for managing tubal factor infertility.
Tubal obstruction, Female infertility, Uttarbasti, Apamarga Kshara Taila, Garbhaprada Yoga, Ayurveda
A Randomized Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Haritaki Churna and Yava Amalaka Churna along with Udvartana in Sthaulya w.s.r. Obesity
One of the Santarpanajanya vyadhi is Sthaulya. Atisthaulya is one of the eight varieties of Nindita purusha described in classical Ayurvedic scriptures. Ayusha hrasa, Javoparodha, Kruccha Vyavaya, Dourbalya, Dourgandha, Swedabadha, Kshudha atimatra and Trushna atiyoga are characteristics of Sthaulya patients. In Ayurveda, obesity is comparable to “Sthaulya”. Obesity is the accumulation of excessive fat in the body. It is a growing problem and the root cause of numerous illnesses like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, IHD etc. These illnesses are known to be the most common causes of death in the modern period. Drug use, nutrition and a healthy lifestyle are all part of Ayurvedic disease therapy. Medicinal preparations are made from plant, animal and mineral sources and can be simple or complicated mixtures. So here 2 groups of 30 patients in each group were made– Haritaki Churna and Yavamalaka Churna were tried. Aim: To Evaluate and to compare the efficacy of Haritaki Churna and Yava Amalaka Churna with Udvartana in Sthaulya. Materials and Methods: Total of 60 patients were selected from OPD and IPD of Department of Kayachikitsa, Karnataka Ayurveda Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, after fulfilling inclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 each, Group A (Haritaki Churna along with Udvartana) and Group B (Yava amalaka Churna along with Udvartana. The baseline data for subjective and objective parameters– before and after treatment were taken into account while evaluating the outcomes. Results: Overall result of Group A was 33.58% and Group B was 33.32%. Both groups showed statistically significant results individually; however, there was no statistically significant difference when the two groups were compared, indicating that they had a similar effect in the management of Sthaulya.
Nurturing the Mind in Motherhood: Role of Dietary Principles Described in Ayurveda for Maternal Mental Health
Pregnancy is a sensitive and transformative phase in a woman’s life that requires special care for her wellbeing -both physically and mentally. Globally, mental health problems affect nearly 10% of pregnant women, with a higher prevalence of about 15.9% in developing countries, as reported by World Health Organization. Maternal psychological distress can adversely influence fetal growth and development by impairing the mother’s ability to cope with the daily activities. Poor maternal nutrition further increases stress levels, while mental health disturbances can disrupt appetite and lifestyle. Therefore, a balanced and nutritious diet is vital for ensuring maternal health and optimal foetal development. Ayurveda emphasizes this through Masanumasika Garbhini Paricharya (month wise dietic regimen), designed to provide sustained nutritional and energy support during pregnancy and the lactation period to follow. A closer evaluation of these dietary guidelines reveals that our Acharyas carefully addressed both the physical demands psychological challenges of pregnancy, ensuring emotional stability, along with nourishment. Acharya Sushrutha highlights the importance of maintaining a positive and cheerful mental state from the onset of pregnancy as emotional tranquillity of the mother is considered fundamental for a healthy uterine environment. This article seeks to examine the role of Ayurvedic pregnancy-specific dietary principles in promoting maternal mental health.
Maternal mental health, Pregnancy-diet, Ksheerapaka
Ayurvedic Management of Shwetapradara - A Systematic Review
Shwetapradara is a common gynecological condition characterized by excessive whitish vaginal discharge, leading to physical discomfort, psychological distress, and social embarrassment among women of reproductive age. The condition significantly affects quality of life and tends to recur if not managed appropriately. In Ayurveda, Shwetapradara is not described as a separate disease entity but is considered a clinical manifestation associated with Yoni vyapadas and systemic dosha imbalance, predominantly involving Kapha dosha and deranged Apana vayu. Conventional treatment mainly provides symptomatic relief and often fails to address the underlying pathology. Ayurveda adopts a holistic approach through Nidana parivarjana (avoidance of causative factors), Shamana cikitsa (pacifying therapy), local therapeutic procedures, dietary regulation, and lifestyle modification. The present article aims to review the Ayurvedic management of Shwetapradara based on classical references and published clinical studies. Available literature suggests that Ayurvedic treatment modalities are effective, safe, and helpful in preventing recurrence by correcting the underlying Dosha imbalance.
Shwetapradara, Vaginal Discharge, Yonivyapada, Sthanik Chikitsa, Shaman Chikitsa
The Efficacy of Arogyavardini Vati in Managing Sidhma Kushta with special reference to Plaque Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review
Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder affecting nearly 2% of the global population, of which plaque psoriasis is the most common form. Based on similarities in causative factors, pathogenesis, and clinical features, plaque psoriasis can be crosslinked with Sidhma Kushta, which is a Vata–Kapha Pradhana Kushta. The management of this condition is challenging due to its recurrent nature and the presence of comorbidities. Ayurveda offers several therapeutic formulations for the management of chronic skin disorders, among which Arogyavardini Vati, is a classical herbo-mineral preparation. It described in Rasaratna Samuchaya as Sarva Rogaprasamani, has been widely used by Ayurvedic practitioners. However, comprehensive scientific reviews evaluating its mode of action in Sidhma Kushta are limited. The present study critically reviews classical Ayurvedic literature along with contemporary scientific evidence to understand the therapeutic potential of Arogyavardini Vati in Sidhma Kushta, with special reference to plaque psoriasis. The formulation is predominantly Tikta, Katu, and Kashaya rasa along with Laghu–Ruksha Guna, which contribute to Agni Deepana, Tridosha Shamana, Kleda Shoshana, and Rakta Shodhana. Major ingredients exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and keratinocyte-regulating actions through mechanisms including inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The review indicates that Arogyavardini Vati effectively addresses the underlying Samprapti of Sidhma Kushta and shows promising potential in the management of plaque psoriasis. Nevertheless, well-designed clinical trials are required to substantiate these findings and support wider clinical acceptance.
Arogyavardini Vati, Sidhma Kushta, plaque psoriasis