Anatomical Variations of the Profunda Femoris and Circumflex Arteries: A Cadaveric Insight

Abstract

The femoral artery is a critical vascular structure supplying the lower limb, and its branching pattern, particularly that of the profunda femoris artery (PFA), plays a vital role in surgical, diagnostic, and emergency settings. This cadaveric study was undertaken in the Department of Sharir Rachana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, wherein an anatomical variation was identified during routine dissection of a formalin-fixed male cadaver of North Indian origin. Notable asymmetries in the femoral artery’s branching pattern were found on the right and left sides. On the right side, the upper lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA1) and PFA arose from a common trunk, 6cm below the mid-inguinal point, with an additional lower LCFA (LCFA2) branching 1.5 cm below. The medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) was absent on this side. On the left side, the MCFA was present and originated 4cm below the mid-inguinal point, while the PFA and superficial femoral artery (SFA) bifurcated 5cm below this point. The LCFA originated from the PFA immediately after this bifurcation. These findings highlight the clinical significance of arterial variations, which may impact orthopaedic surgeries, vascular interventions, and trauma management. Accurate preoperative identification using imaging modalities such as Doppler ultrasound, CTA, MRA, and DSA is crucial for minimizing complications¹. This study emphasizes the necessity for surgeons and clinicians to be aware of such anatomical differences to improve surgical outcomes and ensure patient safety.