Role of Ayurveda as an Adjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer: An Integrative Review of Pathogenesis, Toxicity Management, Psychoneuroimmunology, and Systemic Restoration

Abstract

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, exhibiting rising incidence and mortality despite advances in early detection and treatment. In 2022, an estimated 2.3 million new cases and 670,000 deaths were recorded globally, with projections suggesting continued increases through 2050 due to demographic transitions and persistent risk factors. Ayurvedic literature historically describes proliferative masses such as Granthi and Arbuda, which classical authorities correlate with tumorigenic conditions involving vitiation of the Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and Dhatus (tissue elements). Modern integrative oncology research identifies potential adjunctive therapeutic roles for Ayurvedic herbs and mind–body practices; however, rigorous clinical data remain limited, necessitating systematic investigation. This article synthesizes epidemiological data, Ayurvedic pathophysiology, and current integrative research to inform evidence-based frameworks for further study and clinical application.