Rationale for Selection of Dosage Forms in Ayurvedic Therapeutics: A Conceptual Review

Abstract

Ayurveda emphasizes not only the selection of appropriate drugs but also the selection of suitable dosage forms to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. The same drug, when administered in different dosage forms (Kalpana), may exhibit variations in potency, bioavailability, and clinical action. Classical Ayurvedic texts have elaborately described various dosage forms such as Swarasa, Kalka, Kwatha, Hima, Phanta, Sneha, Avaleha, Vati, Asava and Arishta along with clear indications for their use. The selection of dosage forms in Ayurveda is based on multiple factors including the nature of the drug, dominance of dosha, strength of digestion (Agni), stage and severity of disease, patient constitution, and therapeutic objectives. This article aims to analyze and compile the criteria governing the selection of dosage forms in Ayurveda and to highlight their clinical relevance. An integrative perspective is also discussed by correlating Ayurvedic principles with modern pharmaceutic concepts. Understanding these criteria helps in rational drug administration, enhances therapeutic efficacy, minimizes adverse effects, and reinforces the individualized approach of Ayurvedic treatment.