Efficacy of Kriyakalpa in Ocular Disorders- An Integrative Review

Abstract

The complex anatomical and physiological defence mechanisms of the eye make ocular medication delivery a significant therapeutic challenge. Drug penetration and bioavailability are significantly limited, especially to the posterior segment, by static barriers like the cornea, sclera, retina, blood–aqueous barrier, and blood–retinal barrier, as well as dynamic factors like tear turnover, conjunctival–choroidal circulation, and lymphatic drainage. In Ayurveda, Kriyakalpa- specialized local ocular therapeutic methods intended for focused and prolonged medication delivery- is used in Shalakya Tantra to methodically deal with these challenges. Based on Dosha predominance, disease stage, and tissue involvement level, therapeutic modalities including Aschyotana, Seka, Anjana, Tarpana, Putapaka, Bidalaka, and Pindi are thoughtfully adopted. Kriyakalpa exhibits processes similar to increased residence time, improved transcorneal and transscleral penetration, and decreased systemic absorption when examined through the lens of current pharmacokinetics. Kriyakalpa has been shown to have significant therapeutic effects in situations including xerophthalmia, inflammatory ocular disorders, refractive abnormalities, and degenerative diseases affecting the posterior segment, according to traditional Ayurvedic literature and new clinical and experimental research. This integrative synthesis shows Kriyakalpa as a clinically applicable and scientifically sound approach to overcoming ocular drug delivery obstacles present in contemporary ophthalmic practice.