Role of Yonidhupan in Women's Reproductive Health - A Systematic Review

Abstract

Women’s reproductive health disorders such as Yonisrava, Yonikandu, abnormal vaginal discharge, genital infections, pelvic inflammatory conditions, and postpartum morbidities are highly prevalent and often recurrent, leading to significant physical and psychological distress. Ayurveda describes various Sthanika Chikitsa for the management of Yonivyapada among which Yoni Dhupana (vaginal fumigation) is a unique external therapeutic procedure indicated for Śodhana, Krimighna, Śothahara, Vedanasthapana and Vrana-ropana actions. The present review aims to critically evaluate classical Ayurvedic references and available scientific literature on the role of Yoni Dhupana in women’s reproductive health, with emphasis on therapeutic indications, commonly used drugs, clinical outcomes, and research gaps. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts and electronic databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. Published clinical trials, case studies, narrative reviews, and conceptual articles related to Yoni Dhupana were included. A total of ten relevant studies were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that Yoni Dhupana is beneficial in conditions like Yonisrava, Yonikandu, vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disorders, and postpartum wound care, showing reduction in discharge, itching, pain, odor, inflammation, and enhanced wound healing with minimal adverse effects. However, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to standardize treatment protocols and strengthen scientific evidence.