Migraine and Ayurveda: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Concepts and Clinical Applications

Abstract

Migraine, a prevalent neurovascular disorder, affects over 1.1 billion individuals globally, contributing significantly to disability and economic burden. Conventional treatments often provide incomplete relief and carry risks of adverse effects, prompting exploration of integrative approaches. Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical system, conceptualizes migraine as Ardhavabhedaka and Amlapitta, emphasizing Tridoshic imbalances and gut-brain interactions. This review synthesizes Ayurvedic principles with contemporary neuroscientific evidence to evaluate the efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of Ayurvedic interventions, including detoxification therapies, specialized cranial treatments, herbo-mineral formulations, and dietary-lifestyle modifications. Clinical studies demonstrate significant reductions in headache frequency and severity, with minimal adverse effects, highlighting Ayurveda’s potential as a holistic, patient-centered approach. Future research directions include exploratory studies on underlying physiological mechanisms studies and standardized protocols to integrate Ayurveda into mainstream migraine management.