Evaluation of Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Siddha Herbal Formulation Kalladaippuku Kudineer on 0.75% Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis Model

Abstract

The Siddha system of medicine employs a wide range of herbal and mineral formulations for the management of Urolithiasis. In the Siddha system of medicine, urolithiasis is correlated with Kalladaippu. This study aimed to investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of Kalladaippuku Kudineer using an experimental animal model. Wister albino rats of number 30 were randomly divided into five groups (n=6 per group) and used for the study. Urolithiasis was induced in all groups, except the normal control, by administering 0.75% ethylene glycol in the drinking water. Group I served as the normal control, Group II as the disease control, Group III as the standard control, while Groups IV and V received Kalladaippuku Kudineer (KK) at low and high doses of 200 and 400mg/kg body weight, respectively. After 28 days of treatment, serum biochemical parameters including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine were estimated. Histopathological examination of kidney tissue was performed to assess any treatment-related or toxicological changes. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) and were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In the present study, treatment with Kalladaippuku Kudineer (KK) demonstrated a significant dose-dependent anti-urolithiatic effect at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg body weight in experimental animals. Administration of the low dose of KK (200mg/kg b.w.) markedly reduced serum and urinary abnormalities. In contrast, the high dose of KK (400 mg/kg b.w.) produced notable improvements in renal biochemical parameters, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, oxalate, and calcium levels, when compared with the standard control group (Group III).