Stress and Female Infertility: An Integrative Review of Ayurvedic Concepts and Modern Biomedical Insights

Abstract

Ayurveda, through concepts such as Manasika Bhava (mental states) and the principle “Saumanasya Garbhajananaanaam (mental tranquillity, a prime factor for conception), has long acknowledged the mind's impact on fertility and pregnancy outcomes. It also conceptualizes infertility (Vandhyatva) as resulting from disturbances in Dosha, Agni, Dhatu, Ojas, and Garbha Sambhava Samagri. Aim: To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of stress-induced female infertility by integrating Ayurvedic concepts with modern psycho-neuro-endocrine and oxidative stress perspectives. Methods: A narrative review of classical Ayurvedic texts (Brihattrayi and Laghutrayi) and contemporary biomedical literature was conducted. Ayurvedic constructs, including Tridosha, Manasika Bhava, Garbha Sambhava Samagri, and Samprapti, were correlated with modern mechanisms involving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal - hypothalamic-pituitary-Gonadal axis dysregulation and oxidative stress. Results: Chronic psychological stress activates the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, suppressing gonadotropin secretion and ovarian function while increasing oxidative stress, leading to impaired oocyte quality, anovulation, and defective implantation. Ayurveda explains these changes through Vata-Pitta vitiation, Agnimandya, Ama formation, Srotodushti, Artava Kshaya, and Ojas depletion, resulting in derangement of Ritu, Kshetra, Ambu, and Beeja. Mind-body interventions, including Panchakarma, Rasayana, Yoga, and Pranayama, have the potential to restore neuroendocrine balance. Conclusion: Stress-induced female infertility represents a complex interaction of psychological, neuroendocrine, metabolic, and reproductive dysfunctions. The convergence of Ayurvedic psychosomatic theory with modern psycho-neuro-endocrine science provides a coherent model explaining how emotional stress compromises fertility. Integrating stress-reduction strategies, lifestyle regulation, and mind-body therapies with conventional fertility management.