Comprehensive Conceptual Synthesis of Hypothyroidism: Bridging Modern Endocrinological Pathophysiology with the Ayurveda Paradigm of Agnimandya and Srotodushti

Abstract

Ayurveda provides a functional, systems-biology approach, interpreting such disturbances through the lenses of Agni (metabolic fire), Dosha (bio-energetic forces), Dhatu (tissues), and Srotas (channels). Aim: This conceptual review aims to establish a theoretical framework by correlating the molecular mechanisms of hypothyroidism with the constructs of Agnimandya and Srotodushti, the persistent symptoms experienced by hypothyroid patients despite biochemical hormone normalization. Materials and Methods: The study utilized a rigorous conceptual methodology to analyze the Brihattrayi and their authoritative commentaries by Chakrapani and Dalhana. Simultaneously, contemporary medical databases including Scopus, PubMed, and the AYUSH Research Portal were searched. Data were synthesized using a comparative analytical viewpoint, identifying functional parallels between hormonal activity and Dhatvagni. Observations and Discussion: The condition can be categorized as an Anukta Vyadhi (unmentioned disease) with a predominance of vitiated Kapha and Vata. The systemic sluggishness, weight gain, and cognitive decline mirror the obstruction (Sanga) of the Rasavaha and Medovaha Srotas. The clinical failure of mono-therapy in some patients correlates with the Ayurvedic concept of Avarana (obstruction), where hormone replacement fails to clear pre-existing channel blockages. Some Ayurvedic scholars interpret hypothyroidism primarily as a Medo Dhatu disorder or propose differing roles for Pitta Dosha, illustrating ongoing debate inside the classical tradition. Conclusion: The integration of Ayurvedic principles within the endocrinological paradigm affords a comprehensive method to improving metabolic resilience. Restoring Agnibala (metabolic strength) through Deepana-Pacana and Shodhana therapies serves as a rational adjunct to hormone replacement.