Marma Research in Ayurved: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence, Methodological Limitations and Future Directions

Abstract

Marma science represents a vital yet complex component of Ayurvedic anatomy and surgery, describing specific anatomical sites where structural and functional elements converge. Despite growing academic interest, Marma research remains methodologically underdeveloped. Objective: To systematically review published literature on Marma research, identify methodological trends and limitations and propose future research directions suitable for interdisciplinary and evidence-based inquiry. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Published articles on Marma were identified from peer-reviewed Ayurvedic and integrative medicine journals. Studies were categorized based on research design, conceptual focus and methodology. Results: Most studies were descriptive or conceptual in nature, with limited use of standardized protocols, objective outcome measures or advanced investigative tools. Clinical and experimental studies were scarce and methodologically weak. Conclusion: There is a critical need for new research methodologies in Marma science, including standardized anatomical mapping, controlled clinical trials and interdisciplinary approaches. Addressing these gaps will enhance scientific credibility and clinical applicability.