Integrated Concept of Samanya-Vishesha Siddhanta and Physiology: A Review of Homeostasis and Regulatory Mechanisms

Abstract

Samanya–Vishesha Siddhanta is a fundamental Ayurvedic principle that explains the regulation of physiological and pathological states through similarity and dissimilarity. According to this concept, similar attributes promote increase in bodily components, whereas opposing attributes lead to their reduction, thereby maintaining the balance of Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala. In modern physiology, a comparable concept is described as homeostasis, which refers to the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite continuous fluctuations. This stability is achieved through coordinated regulatory mechanisms involving the nervous and endocrine systems, primarily mediated by feedback processes that either correct deviations or amplify specific responses when required. The present review explores the integration of these classical and contemporary concepts, highlighting their similarities across different levels of biological organization, including cellular, tissue, and systemic levels. The Ayurvedic principles of increase and decrease correspond closely with anabolic and catabolic processes as well as feedback-based regulation in modern science. This integrative perspective provides a comprehensive understanding of physiological balance and emphasizes that both systems aim to maintain internal stability. Such an approach supports the development of holistic strategies for health promotion and disease management.