Clinical Applicability of Charaka Siddhantas in Contemporary Medical Practice: A Systematic Narrative Review with Translational Perspectives in Systems Biology and Integrative Medicine

Abstract

As global healthcare increasingly adopts precision medicine and systems-oriented approaches, re-examining these principles through the perspective of modern biomedical science is warranted. Objectives: This review assesses the clinical applicability of the principle (Charaka Siddhantas), comparing their structure to contemporary systems biology, genomics, epidemiology, and integrative medicine. Additionally, it identifies research gaps and proposes directions for future investigation. Methods: A PRISMA-style narrative review was conducted utilizing PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Dhara Online Classical texts, including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridayam, were reviewed as primary sources, peer-reviewed studies Results: Vata Prakriti is associated with enhanced expression in gene sets related to neuronal activity, ion channel function, and neurotransmitter signalling pathways. Pitta Prakriti individuals show enrichment of genes involved in metabolic and inflammatory processes, including pathways regulating enzymatic catalysis, bile acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Kapha Prakriti is characterized by upregulation of genes involved in structural components, lipid storage, extracellular matrix formation, and immunomodulation. Tridosha physiology corresponds to neural signalling enzymatic metabolism and structural homeostasis at the molecular level. Agni physiology demonstrates notable parallels with gut microbiome dynamics. Conclusion: The Charaka Siddhantas constitute a robust and rigorous clinical system. Integration with modern biomedical science is both feasible and necessary.