A Comprehensive Study on Ayurvedic Dietary Principles (Ahara) & Mental Health in Modulating Gut-Brain- Microbiota Axis in Gastrointestinal, Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders

Abstract

Food (Ahara) is considered one of the three pillars or Thrayopasthambha of life in Ayurveda. Classical texts state that the mind is nourished by food. Modern science describes the Gut–Brain Axis as a bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain which is mainly influenced by gut microbiota. Disturbance in dietary habits leads to weak digestion (Agnimandya) and formation of Ama, which affects both physical and mental health. This article aims to explore the role of Ayurvedic dietary principles in maintaining mental health through the concept of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis. A conceptual and narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, Bhagavad Gita and modern scientific literature. The findings reveal that improper diet, Viruddhahara, irregular eating habits, and unhealthy food processing (Samskara) disturb gut microbiota and digestion, leading to psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, neurodevelopmental disorder like autism spectrum disorders, neurodegenerative conditions like parkinsonism and gastro intestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome. Following Ahara Vidhi Vidhanam, proper Ahara Matra and Ahara Kala, and diet balanced with Shadrasa and Triguna etc., help in maintaining gut health and mental health. Ayurvedic dietary principles can be effectively integrated with conventional treatment modalities for the prevention and management of gastrointestinal and psychiatric and neurological disorders.