Basti Therapy in the Management of Female Infertility: A Comprehensive Review on Ayurveda Classical Formulations

Abstract

Infertility, defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. In Ayurveda, this condition is correlated with Vandhyatwa, primarily due to the vitiation of Vata Dosha. Ayurveda offers Basti (medicated enema) as a premier therapy (Ardha Chikitsa) to address the root cause of the disorder. Aim: This study aims to explore and compile various Vandhyatwahara basti formulations described in Ayurvedic texts having indications as Vandhyatwa (infertility), Putrada (desire for a son), and Garbhada (promoting conception). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted on Ayurvedic texts, including the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Sangraha, Sharangadhara Samhita, Kashyapa Samhita, and Bhela Samhita for Basti formulation having indications as vandhyatwa Putrada Garbhada Garbharthi and Apatya kamana. Results: Acharya charaka emphasizes Yapana bast is like Erandamuladi and Sahacharadi for those desiring progeny. Acharya Sushruta and Sharangadhara highlight Bala Taila and Narayana Taila for uterine nourishment. Acharya Kashyapa suggests Shatapushpa Taila and Lashuna Taila as potent Garbha janana agents. These preparations utilize Vata pacifying drugs, Rasayana drugs, milk and ghee to target the four essential factors of fertility-Ritu (season/ovulation), Kshetra (uterus), Ambu (nutrition), and Beeja (gametes). Conclusion: Basti therapy acts as a systemic intervention that modulates the gut-brain-ovarian axis, potentially regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and parasympathetic pathways. By restoring Apana Vayu, Basti facilitates hormonal balance and enhances uterine receptivity. Basti offers a cost-effective, holistic alternative or adjunct to modern assisted reproductive techniques.