Circadian Rhythm, Biorhythms, Dinacharya and Dosha Cycle: An Integrative Review of Chronobiology and Ayurvedic Temporal Physiology

Abstract

Biological rhythms are intrinsic to human physiology, governing sleep, metabolism, hormonal secretion, and cellular repair. Modern chronobiology identifies circadian rhythm as a master regulator, whereas Ayurveda conceptualizes similar temporal organization through Dinacharya (daily regimen) and Dosha cycles. Despite their distinct origins, both systems exhibit notable parallels. Objective: To critically analyze circadian rhythm and biorhythms in the context of Ayurvedic principles of Dinacharya and Dosha cycles, and to explore their integrative significance in health maintenance and disease prevention. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, alongside contemporary literature on chronobiology. Conceptual correlations were drawn based on physiological timing, functional dominance, and clinical implications. Results: Circadian rhythm corresponds closely with the cyclical predominance of Kapha, Pitta, and Vata Doshas. Ayurvedic Dinacharya aligns with optimal biological functioning as described in modern chronobiology, particularly in sleep-wake regulation, digestion, and metabolic activity. Disruption of these rhythms is associated with systemic disorders including metabolic, psychological, and inflammatory conditions. Conclusion: Ayurveda offers a structured, time-oriented lifestyle framework that complements modern circadian science. Integration of these paradigms can enhance preventive healthcare strategies and promote holistic well-being.