Relevance of Sushruta’s Bandaging Principles in 21st Century Surgical Care

Abstract

Sushruta described 14 types of bandaging methods (Bandhana Karma), each specifically designed according to the anatomical location and nature of the wound, with emphasis on infection prevention, pressure regulation, and patient comfort. His use of natural materials such as cotton, silk, and herbal preparations reflects a sophisticated understanding of wound healing processes and tissue dynamics. Aim: This review aims to re-examine Sushruta’s bandaging techniques and evaluate their potential integration with contemporary wound care practices, particularly in the management of chronic wounds, antimicrobial resistance, sports injuries and resource-limited healthcare settings. Methods: A narrative review approach was adopted to analyse classical descriptions from the Sushruta Samhita alongside recent advancements in wound care technologies, including hydrogel-based dressings, antimicrobial nanofibers, and biodegradable polymer systems. Results: The findings indicate strong conceptual parallels between ancient and modern practices. For example, Kosha Bandha corresponds to contemporary splinting techniques used in fracture care, while Mandal Bandha aligns with compression therapy for venous ulcers. Sushruta’s emphasis on individualized, region-specific treatment closely mirrors modern personalized wound care approaches. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as drug-eluting dressings and sensor-enabled smart bandages extend his principles toward real-time monitoring and targeted therapeutic delivery. Conclusion: The integration of Sushruta’s wound care principles with modern biomedical technologies offers a promising framework for developing sustainable, cost-effective, and patient-centered solutions. This interdisciplinary approach has the potential to enhance wound healing outcomes, especially in resource-constrained settings, while preserving and modernizing the foundational knowledge of Ayurvedic medicine.