Evaluation of Pitta Prakopaka Nidana and Saama Pitta Lakshana as a Diagnostic Tool in Urdhwaga Amlapitta- A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

Urdhwaga Amlapitta is a common disorder of Annavaha srotas characterized by Pitta Prakopa and Agni Dushti, presenting with symptoms comparable to Hyperacidity and GERD conditions. Modern lifestyle practices, Viruddhahara consumption and psychological stress have increased the prevalence of such diseases. Ayurveda emphasizes the role of Aharaja, Viharaja, and Manasika Nidanas in its pathogenesis. Aims and objective- To evaluate the prevalence of Nidana and Lakshanas associated with Urdhwaga Amlapitta and to correlate the findings with contemporary diagnostic concepts. Materials and methods- A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 subjects aged 18–60 years presenting with features of Urdhwaga Amlapitta. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing dietary habits, psychological factors, and clinical symptoms. Observations were analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Observation and Results- Females constituted 59% of subjects. These Manasika nidanas were recurrently observed- Krodha and Shoka. Observation of Aharaja Nidanas revealed regular intake of Pitta-aggravating foods such as Sarshapa, Dadhi and Katu-Amla-Ushna Ahara. Practice of above Nidanas lead to the development of Lakshanas- Daaha (47%), Ushma (48%), Kanta-Hrut Daaha (46%), Amla Udgara (39%), and Guruta (34%). The clinical condition is correlated with ICD-11 descriptions of hyperacidity, gastritis, GERD, and acid-peptic disorders. Conclusion- Urdhwaga amlapitta is an often-occurring multifactorial condition resulting from combined dietary, lifestyle, and psychological factors leading to Pitta Prakopa and Agni Dushti. The present study is one of its kind to frame the diagnostic criteria of Urdhwaga Amlapitta. This study has a future scope of multicentric study to assess the geographical based etiology.