Role of Sutika Paricharya in the Prevention and Management of Lactation Failure: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Ayurveda considers Stanya (breast milk) as the Upadhatu of Rasa Dhatu and advocates a comprehensive postpartum regimen known as Sutika Paricharya to restore maternal physiological balance and support adequate lactation. Aim: To explore the role of Sutika Paricharya in the prevention and management of lactation failure and to correlate Ayurvedic concepts with contemporary scientific evidence. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic literature, including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Kashyapa Samhita, and Bhavaprakasha. Relevant contemporary literature was retrieved from peer-reviewed journals, WHO recommendations, and established breastfeeding guidelines. Evidence related to lactation physiology, postpartum care, maternal nutrition, psychological well-being, and galactagogue interventions was critically reviewed and synthesized. Results: The principles of Sutika Paricharya facilitate lactation through Vata Shamana, Agni Deepana, Rasa Dhatu Poshana, mental well-being, and the use of Stanyajanana Dravyas. These mechanisms closely correspond with modern recommendations emphasizing adequate maternal nutrition, hydration, emotional support, rest, skin-to-skin contact, and early initiation of breastfeeding. Ayurvedic galactagogues such as Shatavari, Vidarikanda, and Shatapushpa have demonstrated promising lactogenic potential in experimental and clinical studies. Conclusion: Sutika Paricharya offers a holistic postpartum care framework that addresses both physiological and psychological determinants of successful lactation. Integrating Ayurvedic postpartum care principles with contemporary lactation support strategies may enhance breastfeeding success, reduce the risk of lactation failure, and improve maternal and infant health outcomes.