Neuroendocrine Regulation of Female Reproductive Physiology: An Ayurvedic Perspective

Abstract

Female reproductive physiology is regulated through a complex interaction between the nervous, endocrine and reproductive system. Modern medicine explains this regulation through the co-ordination of hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, whereas Ayurveda describes reproductive physiology through the concepts of Artava, Artavaha Srotas, Rituchakra, and Tridosha co-ordination. Although Ayurveda does not describe hormones as discrete physiological entities, its fundamental principles provide a functional framework for understanding reproductive regulation. The present conceptual review was undertaken to explore the neuroendocrine regulation of female reproductive system from an Ayurvedic perspective through a critical review of classical Ayurvedic texts, including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with contemporary literature on reproductive neuroendocrinology. Functional correlations were identified between neuroendocrine mechanisms and Ayurvedic principles governing female reproduction physiology. Prana Vata, Sadhaka Pitta, Tarpak Kapha were found to correspond with functions of higher regulatory mechanisms, Apana Vata with reproductive expression, Kapha with proliferative and nourishing functions, and Pitta with transformative physiological processes. Furthermore, the cyclical predominance of Doshas described in Rituchakra demonstrated functional similarities with the hormonal fluctuations and endometrial changes occurring during the menstrual cycle. This integrative understanding provides a broader perspective on female reproductive physiology, facilitates the interpretation of neuroendocrine regulation through Ayurvedic principles, and may contribute to a better understanding of Samprapti of reproductive disorders, rational Ayurvedic management, and future interdisciplinary research in reproductive health.