Understanding Disease Resistance Through Vikara Vighata Bhava-Abhava: An Ayurvedic Approach to Immunity

Abstract

The concepts of Vikara, Vighata, Bhava and Abhava provide an interesting conceptual basis for understanding the development, prevention and progression of disease. These concepts can further be explored in relation to Vyadhikshamatva and the contemporary understanding of immunity. Aim: To explore the concepts of Vikara–Vighata Bhava–Abhava in Roga Nidan and examine their possible correlation with immunity and host resistance. Materials and Methods: A narrative conceptual review was undertaken using classical Ayurvedic texts, particularly Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with published literature concerning Vyadhikshamatva, Bala, Ojas and immunity. Classical references were interpreted within their Ayurvedic context and subsequently compared with broad functional aspects of modern immunity. Results: Vikara can be understood as the manifestation of pathological disturbance, whereas Vighata may be considered in terms of interruption or opposition to the pathological process. Bhava and Abhava provide a conceptual framework for considering the presence or absence of disease-promoting and protective factors. These concepts can be discussed alongside Vyadhikshamatva, particularly its ability to prevent disease formation and to oppose the strength of an established disease. Bala, Ojas, Agni and Prakriti further contribute to the Ayurvedic understanding of individual variation in disease susceptibility. Conclusion: Vikara–Vighata Bhava–Abhava offers a useful conceptual model within Roga Nidan for understanding the dynamic relationship between disease manifestation and host resistance. Its relationship with modern immunity should currently be considered a conceptual correlation rather than a proven biological equivalence.