Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Jatamamsi Ghrita and Nirgundi Ghrita as Medhya Rasayana in Smruti Bhramsha vis-à-vis Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by cognitive decline beyond normal age-related changes without substantial loss of independent functioning. Its clinical features may be interpreted in Ayurveda through concepts such as Smruthi, Medha, Buddhi, Jara and Manas. Smruthi Bhramsha was considered an Ayurvedic clinical correlate of MCI, with Medhya Rasayana providing a therapeutic framework for cognitive health. Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of Jatamamsi Ghrita and Nirgundi Ghrita as Medhya Rasayana in MCI vis-à-vis Smruthi Bhramsha. Materials and Methods: A comparative clinical study was conducted in patients fulfilling predefined criteria for MCI. Forty-two participants were allocated equally to two groups; 40 completed the study. After Haritakyadi Yoga 12 g for 7 days, Group A received Jatamamsi Ghrita 12ml twice daily and Group B received Nirgundi Ghrita 12ml twice daily for 48 days. Cognitive function was assessed using MoCA-Kannada Version 7.1 at baseline, day 55 and day 90. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon matched-pairs and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: Mean baseline MoCA scores were 20.7 and 21.8 in Groups A and B, increasing to 25.8 and 26.2, respectively, at Day 90. Within-group improvement was statistically significant in both groups (p=0.0001). Mean improvement from baseline to day 90 was 5.2 points in Group A and 4.4 points in Group B; however, the between-group difference was not statistically significant (p=0.2853). Conclusion: Both Jatamamsi Ghrita and Nirgundi Ghrita demonstrated significant improvement in overall MoCA scores, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Both formulations may have potential as Medhya Rasayana interventions in MCI; further studies with larger samples, rigorous allocation and longer follow-up are warranted.