A Conceptual Review on Mode of Action of Greeva Basti in Greeva Sandhigata Vata

Abstract

Greeva Basti is a Snigdha type of Swedana therapy administered under the principles of Bahiparimarjan Chikitsa. Although classical Ayurvedic texts do not directly mention Greeva Basti, its methodology is derived from Shiro Basti, as described by various Acharyas, and is extensively practiced in Keraliya Panchakarma. Cervical Spondylosis, characterized by osteoarthritic changes in cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs, often presents with neck pain radiating to the shoulders and arms, accompanied by posterior occipital headache. In Ayurvedic terminology, degenerative disorders are classified under Vatavyadhi, with Greeva Sandhigata Vata identified as one of its eighty subtypes. Clinical features include pain during flexion and extension, stiffness, crepitus, and restricted cervical mobility. Greeva Basti exerts its effects through the combined action of Snehana and Swedana. The unctuous (Snigdha) and warm (Ushna) properties of medicated oil counteract the cold and dry qualities of aggravated Vata Dosha, nourish local Kapha, improve cervical flexibility, reduce stiffness (Stambha), and alleviate heaviness (Gaurava). Modern physiological interpretation suggests that local heat application enhances blood circulation, promotes phagocytic activity, and reduces inflammation. This study aims to elucidate the probable mechanism of Greeva Basti in managing Greeva Sandhigata Vata, highlighting its integration of classical Ayurvedic principles with contemporary physiological understanding, offering a safe, effective, and non-invasive therapeutic approach for degenerative cervical disorders.